I think this introduction on the subject involving Partial Discharges, the different types of discharges, their meaning and some forms of detection and measurement, can help in the development of the project.\nPDs are sequences of incomplete, rapid and intermittent electrical discharges of the order of nanoseconds, which occur due to the proximity between two electrically conductive parts and an insulating medium by the ionizing effect in gaseous cavities within the solid and liquid insulation materials. Such discharges may also occur in the contact zone of solid dielectric insulators) and metal surfaces subjected to electric stress. This definition highlights some notable features of the phenomenon of the PDs, such as:\n- They are performed quickly considering their short duration in relation to the half-period of the applied reference voltage (60 Hz).\n- They are intermittent phenomena, determining electrical circuits impulses as sources very steep and discrete in time.\n- They are characterized by high spectral frequencies (of the order of megahertz).\n- The environment in which the disruptions develop is of a gaseous nature. The space in which the DPs are performed is restricted to a limited area of the dielectric, which does not short-circuit the two electrodes, since\nwhen this happens the disruption of the dielectric occurs and, therefore, its deterioration.\nThere are several PD detection techniques: electrical, acoustics, optics, chemistry, etc. However, most of these are only used to complement electrical detection. THE\nAcoustic ultrasound measuring technique is gaining more interest in the aspect of location, pulse triangulation and acoustic reflections, look for the occurrences of discharges in the equipment, being reasonable for laboratory experiments, but in the field is still an easy target of noise and interference, since the acoustic signals can be\nstrong attenuation in the cases as PDs close to the windings. On the other hand, if the experimental models are based\n in the electrical method and a priori knowledge, with the purpose of also locating\nsources of discharges by means of\nphysicochemical similarities, in addition to detecting them. The following are listed some of these techniques:\nOptical or visual method - PD can be observed visually in dark environments after accustoming eyes to darkness. The observer can use wide range binoculars if necessary. Alternatively, ultra-fast photographic records\ncan be made and, for special purposes,\nimage intensifiers are used.\nChemical method\n - The presence of PDs in oil or equipment with\ngas can be detected, in some cases, by the analysis of the decomposition of\ndissolved in the oil or gas. These products accumulate during prolonged operations. The chemical analysis can also be used to estimate the degradation of the isolation caused by the occurrence of PDs.\n- Acoustic Method - This procedure is based on the audible or ultrasonic noise generated by the PDs, ie, airborne noise or vibrations in materials adjacent to the source.\ndownload. The acoustic technique consists of using piezoelectric sensors or transducers, which can be connected inside or outside the\npreferably in environments with low noise levels. Acoustic measurements made with microphones or other\ntransducers, together with suitable amplifiers and recording instruments, may be useful for locating the discharge in the equipment. Several sensors, with high sensitivity for frequency bands above the audible range, are\nused to locate corona discharges into the air. Transducers ta\nThey can also be used to locate discharges in gas isolated substations (SIGs) or oil immersed equipment,\nas transformers. This technique is most appropriate to physically locate the occurrence of discharges and is being used in various equipment such as\nlarge transformers.\n- Radio interference voltage method - The radio interference voltage test (TRI) is based on the fact that PDs generate electromagnetic waves in the form of static interference. The receiver is calibrated in micro-volts to measure the value of the input signal. This method is not suitable for physically locating the location of the discharges within the equipment, but rather for quantifying the\ndownloads. TRI measurement is used in both high voltage equipment and transmission lines. In equipment,\ndischarge signals are detected through a resistance, whereas in transmission lines, radio-frequency (RF) interference generated by discharges is detected using an antenna.\n- Electrical method - This technique causes the instrument to detect discharges to become part of the electrical circuit, including the equipment where the discharges are occurring. In this method the discharges are normally measured at Coulombs peak. This measurement procedure is the most used in generators,\ntransformers, high voltage cables, capacitors, among others. An RLC (resistive, inductive and capacitive) or RC (resistive and capacitive) detection impedance can be\nthe RLC being for a narrow frequency detection mode and the RC for a frequency wideband detection mode.
", "messages": [ { "id": "465238", "postDate": "02/02/2019 17:16:41", "content": "I think this introduction on the subject involving Partial Discharges, the different types of discharges, their meaning and some forms of detection and measurement, can help in the development of the project.\nPDs are sequences of incomplete, rapid and intermittent electrical discharges of the order of nanoseconds, which occur due to the proximity between two electrically conductive parts and an insulating medium by the ionizing effect in gaseous cavities within the solid and liquid insulation materials. Such discharges may also occur in the contact zone of solid dielectric insulators) and metal surfaces subjected to electric stress. This definition highlights some notable features of the phenomenon of the PDs, such as:\n- They are performed quickly considering their short duration in relation to the half-period of the applied reference voltage (60 Hz).\n- They are intermittent phenomena, determining electrical circuits impulses as sources very steep and discrete in time.\n- They are characterized by high spectral frequencies (of the order of megahertz).\n- The environment in which the disruptions develop is of a gaseous nature. The space in which the DPs are performed is restricted to a limited area of the dielectric, which does not short-circuit the two electrodes, since\nwhen this happens the disruption of the dielectric occurs and, therefore, its deterioration.\nThere are several PD detection techniques: electrical, acoustics, optics, chemistry, etc. However, most of these are only used to complement electrical detection. THE\nAcoustic ultrasound measuring technique is gaining more interest in the aspect of location, pulse triangulation and acoustic reflections, look for the occurrences of discharges in the equipment, being reasonable for laboratory experiments, but in the field is still an easy target of noise and interference, since the acoustic signals can be\nstrong attenuation in the cases as PDs close to the windings. On the other hand, if the experimental models are based\n in the electrical method and a priori knowledge, with the purpose of also locating\nsources of discharges by means of\nphysicochemical similarities, in addition to detecting them. The following are listed some of these techniques:\nOptical or visual method - PD can be observed visually in dark environments after accustoming eyes to darkness. The observer can use wide range binoculars if necessary. Alternatively, ultra-fast photographic records\ncan be made and, for special purposes,\nimage intensifiers are used.\nChemical method\n - The presence of PDs in oil or equipment with\ngas can be detected, in some cases, by the analysis of the decomposition of\ndissolved in the oil or gas. These products accumulate during prolonged operations. The chemical analysis can also be used to estimate the degradation of the isolation caused by the occurrence of PDs.\n- Acoustic Method - This procedure is based on the audible or ultrasonic noise generated by the PDs, ie, airborne noise or vibrations in materials adjacent to the source.\ndownload. The acoustic technique consists of using piezoelectric sensors or transducers, which can be connected inside or outside the\npreferably in environments with low noise levels. Acoustic measurements made with microphones or other\ntransducers, together with suitable amplifiers and recording instruments, may be useful for locating the discharge in the equipment. Several sensors, with high sensitivity for frequency bands above the audible range, are\nused to locate corona discharges into the air. Transducers ta\nThey can also be used to locate discharges in gas isolated substations (SIGs) or oil immersed equipment,\nas transformers. This technique is most appropriate to physically locate the occurrence of discharges and is being used in various equipment such as\nlarge transformers.\n- Radio interference voltage method - The radio interference voltage test (TRI) is based on the fact that PDs generate electromagnetic waves in the form of static interference. The receiver is calibrated in micro-volts to measure the value of the input signal. This method is not suitable for physically locating the location of the discharges within the equipment, but rather for quantifying the\ndownloads. TRI measurement is used in both high voltage equipment and transmission lines. In equipment,\ndischarge signals are detected through a resistance, whereas in transmission lines, radio-frequency (RF) interference generated by discharges is detected using an antenna.\n- Electrical method - This technique causes the instrument to detect discharges to become part of the electrical circuit, including the equipment where the discharges are occurring. In this method the discharges are normally measured at Coulombs peak. This measurement procedure is the most used in generators,\ntransformers, high voltage cables, capacitors, among others. An RLC (resistive, inductive and capacitive) or RC (resistive and capacitive) detection impedance can be\nthe RLC being for a narrow frequency detection mode and the RC for a frequency wideband detection mode.
", "rawMarkdown": "I think this introduction on the subject involving Partial Discharges, the different types of discharges, their meaning and some forms of detection and measurement, can help in the development of the project.\nPDs are sequences of incomplete, rapid and intermittent electrical discharges of the order of nanoseconds, which occur due to the proximity between two electrically conductive parts and an insulating medium by the ionizing effect in gaseous cavities within the solid and liquid insulation materials. Such discharges may also occur in the contact zone of solid dielectric insulators) and metal surfaces subjected to electric stress. This definition highlights some notable features of the phenomenon of the PDs, such as:\n- They are performed quickly considering their short duration in relation to the half-period of the applied reference voltage (60 Hz).\n- They are intermittent phenomena, determining electrical circuits impulses as sources very steep and discrete in time.\n- They are characterized by high spectral frequencies (of the order of megahertz).\n- The environment in which the disruptions develop is of a gaseous nature. The space in which the DPs are performed is restricted to a limited area of the dielectric, which does not short-circuit the two electrodes, since\nwhen this happens the disruption of the dielectric occurs and, therefore, its deterioration.\nThere are several PD detection techniques: electrical, acoustics, optics, chemistry, etc. However, most of these are only used to complement electrical detection. THE\nAcoustic ultrasound measuring technique is gaining more interest in the aspect of location, pulse triangulation and acoustic reflections, look for the occurrences of discharges in the equipment, being reasonable for laboratory experiments, but in the field is still an easy target of noise and interference, since the acoustic signals can be\nstrong attenuation in the cases as PDs close to the windings. On the other hand, if the experimental models are based\n in the electrical method and a priori knowledge, with the purpose of also locating\nsources of discharges by means of\nphysicochemical similarities, in addition to detecting them. The following are listed some of these techniques:\nOptical or visual method - PD can be observed visually in dark environments after accustoming eyes to darkness. The observer can use wide range binoculars if necessary. Alternatively, ultra-fast photographic records\ncan be made and, for special purposes,\nimage intensifiers are used.\nChemical method\n - The presence of PDs in oil or equipment with\ngas can be detected, in some cases, by the analysis of the decomposition of\ndissolved in the oil or gas. These products accumulate during prolonged operations. The chemical analysis can also be used to estimate the degradation of the isolation caused by the occurrence of PDs.\n- Acoustic Method - This procedure is based on the audible or ultrasonic noise generated by the PDs, ie, airborne noise or vibrations in materials adjacent to the source.\ndownload. The acoustic technique consists of using piezoelectric sensors or transducers, which can be connected inside or outside the\npreferably in environments with low noise levels. Acoustic measurements made with microphones or other\ntransducers, together with suitable amplifiers and recording instruments, may be useful for locating the discharge in the equipment. Several sensors, with high sensitivity for frequency bands above the audible range, are\nused to locate corona discharges into the air. Transducers ta\nThey can also be used to locate discharges in gas isolated substations (SIGs) or oil immersed equipment,\nas transformers. This technique is most appropriate to physically locate the occurrence of discharges and is being used in various equipment such as\nlarge transformers.\n- Radio interference voltage method - The radio interference voltage test (TRI) is based on the fact that PDs generate electromagnetic waves in the form of static interference. The receiver is calibrated in micro-volts to measure the value of the input signal. This method is not suitable for physically locating the location of the discharges within the equipment, but rather for quantifying the\ndownloads. TRI measurement is used in both high voltage equipment and transmission lines. In equipment,\ndischarge signals are detected through a resistance, whereas in transmission lines, radio-frequency (RF) interference generated by discharges is detected using an antenna.\n- Electrical method - This technique causes the instrument to detect discharges to become part of the electrical circuit, including the equipment where the discharges are occurring. In this method the discharges are normally measured at Coulombs peak. This measurement procedure is the most used in generators,\ntransformers, high voltage cables, capacitors, among others. An RLC (resistive, inductive and capacitive) or RC (resistive and capacitive) detection impedance can be\nthe RLC being for a narrow frequency detection mode and the RC for a frequency wideband detection mode.", "votes": null }, { "id": "466844", "postDate": "02/06/2019 03:29:41", "content": "Where did you get this information? It's interesting information but I wonder if there might be some valuable context in the full reference from which it came.
", "rawMarkdown": "Where did you get this information? It's interesting information but I wonder if there might be some valuable context in the full reference from which it came.", "votes": null }, { "id": "467077", "postDate": "02/06/2019 12:21:36", "content": "It was in a PhD work for a Brazilian Research Institute, which is focused on this area. All content is in Portuguese, and there are some technical terms, so it is not an easy task to make this modification, it is a very large and advanced research, so I am still studying it, because I want to try to bring more things that can help with the project here.
", "rawMarkdown": "It was in a PhD work for a Brazilian Research Institute, which is focused on this area. All content is in Portuguese, and there are some technical terms, so it is not an easy task to make this modification, it is a very large and advanced research, so I am still studying it, because I want to try to bring more things that can help with the project here.", "votes": null }, { "id": "467147", "postDate": "02/06/2019 14:40:12", "content": "could you please provide us the reference, anyway? I am brazilian heheh
", "rawMarkdown": "could you please provide us the reference, anyway? I am brazilian heheh", "votes": null }, { "id": "467273", "postDate": "02/06/2019 18:38:36", "content": "Okay, it's here : \nhttp://www.pee.ufrj.br/index.php/pt/producao-academica/teses-de-doutorado/2005/2005063051-2005063051/file\nIt is a very well done PhD work, it has all the concepts, methods of measurement and some experimental models for Partial Discharge Decree.
", "rawMarkdown": "Okay, it's here : \nhttp://www.pee.ufrj.br/index.php/pt/producao-academica/teses-de-doutorado/2005/2005063051-2005063051/file\nIt is a very well done PhD work, it has all the concepts, methods of measurement and some experimental models for Partial Discharge Decree.", "votes": null }, { "id": "467369", "postDate": "02/07/2019 00:40:23", "content": "thank you!
", "rawMarkdown": "thank you!", "votes": null }, { "id": "469028", "postDate": "02/10/2019 10:45:40", "content": "Thank you for sharing really useful information! I think \"PD\" (Partial Discharge) is correct word in this post, not DP, right?
", "rawMarkdown": "Thank you for sharing really useful information! I think \"PD\" (Partial Discharge) is correct word in this post, not DP, right?", "votes": null }, { "id": "469030", "postDate": "02/10/2019 10:49:47", "content": "Exactly.
", "rawMarkdown": "Exactly.", "votes": null }, { "id": "469038", "postDate": "02/10/2019 11:13:14", "content": "Thanks you for dealing with that right away!
", "rawMarkdown": "Thanks you for dealing with that right away!", "votes": null } ], "comments": [ { "id": 466844, "author_name": "jayemar", "author_url": "", "post_date": "02/06/2019 03:29:41", "content": "Where did you get this information? It's interesting information but I wonder if there might be some valuable context in the full reference from which it came.
", "votes": null, "replies": [] }, { "id": 467077, "author_name": "guilhermehavry", "author_url": "", "post_date": "02/06/2019 12:21:36", "content": "It was in a PhD work for a Brazilian Research Institute, which is focused on this area. All content is in Portuguese, and there are some technical terms, so it is not an easy task to make this modification, it is a very large and advanced research, so I am still studying it, because I want to try to bring more things that can help with the project here.
", "votes": null, "replies": [ { "id": 467147, "author_name": "fernandoramacciotti", "author_url": "", "post_date": "02/06/2019 14:40:12", "content": "could you please provide us the reference, anyway? I am brazilian heheh
", "votes": null, "replies": [] } ] }, { "id": 467273, "author_name": "guilhermehavry", "author_url": "", "post_date": "02/06/2019 18:38:36", "content": "Okay, it's here : \nhttp://www.pee.ufrj.br/index.php/pt/producao-academica/teses-de-doutorado/2005/2005063051-2005063051/file\nIt is a very well done PhD work, it has all the concepts, methods of measurement and some experimental models for Partial Discharge Decree.
", "votes": null, "replies": [ { "id": 467369, "author_name": "fernandoramacciotti", "author_url": "", "post_date": "02/07/2019 00:40:23", "content": "thank you!
", "votes": null, "replies": [] } ] }, { "id": 469028, "author_name": "kenmatsu4", "author_url": "", "post_date": "02/10/2019 10:45:40", "content": "Thank you for sharing really useful information! I think \"PD\" (Partial Discharge) is correct word in this post, not DP, right?
", "votes": null, "replies": [ { "id": 469030, "author_name": "guilhermehavry", "author_url": "", "post_date": "02/10/2019 10:49:47", "content": "Exactly.
", "votes": null, "replies": [] }, { "id": 469038, "author_name": "kenmatsu4", "author_url": "", "post_date": "02/10/2019 11:13:14", "content": "Thanks you for dealing with that right away!
", "votes": null, "replies": [] } ] } ], "raw_markdown_by_id": { "465238": "I think this introduction on the subject involving Partial Discharges, the different types of discharges, their meaning and some forms of detection and measurement, can help in the development of the project.\nPDs are sequences of incomplete, rapid and intermittent electrical discharges of the order of nanoseconds, which occur due to the proximity between two electrically conductive parts and an insulating medium by the ionizing effect in gaseous cavities within the solid and liquid insulation materials. Such discharges may also occur in the contact zone of solid dielectric insulators) and metal surfaces subjected to electric stress. This definition highlights some notable features of the phenomenon of the PDs, such as:\n- They are performed quickly considering their short duration in relation to the half-period of the applied reference voltage (60 Hz).\n- They are intermittent phenomena, determining electrical circuits impulses as sources very steep and discrete in time.\n- They are characterized by high spectral frequencies (of the order of megahertz).\n- The environment in which the disruptions develop is of a gaseous nature. The space in which the DPs are performed is restricted to a limited area of the dielectric, which does not short-circuit the two electrodes, since\nwhen this happens the disruption of the dielectric occurs and, therefore, its deterioration.\nThere are several PD detection techniques: electrical, acoustics, optics, chemistry, etc. However, most of these are only used to complement electrical detection. THE\nAcoustic ultrasound measuring technique is gaining more interest in the aspect of location, pulse triangulation and acoustic reflections, look for the occurrences of discharges in the equipment, being reasonable for laboratory experiments, but in the field is still an easy target of noise and interference, since the acoustic signals can be\nstrong attenuation in the cases as PDs close to the windings. On the other hand, if the experimental models are based\n in the electrical method and a priori knowledge, with the purpose of also locating\nsources of discharges by means of\nphysicochemical similarities, in addition to detecting them. The following are listed some of these techniques:\nOptical or visual method - PD can be observed visually in dark environments after accustoming eyes to darkness. The observer can use wide range binoculars if necessary. Alternatively, ultra-fast photographic records\ncan be made and, for special purposes,\nimage intensifiers are used.\nChemical method\n - The presence of PDs in oil or equipment with\ngas can be detected, in some cases, by the analysis of the decomposition of\ndissolved in the oil or gas. These products accumulate during prolonged operations. The chemical analysis can also be used to estimate the degradation of the isolation caused by the occurrence of PDs.\n- Acoustic Method - This procedure is based on the audible or ultrasonic noise generated by the PDs, ie, airborne noise or vibrations in materials adjacent to the source.\ndownload. The acoustic technique consists of using piezoelectric sensors or transducers, which can be connected inside or outside the\npreferably in environments with low noise levels. Acoustic measurements made with microphones or other\ntransducers, together with suitable amplifiers and recording instruments, may be useful for locating the discharge in the equipment. Several sensors, with high sensitivity for frequency bands above the audible range, are\nused to locate corona discharges into the air. Transducers ta\nThey can also be used to locate discharges in gas isolated substations (SIGs) or oil immersed equipment,\nas transformers. This technique is most appropriate to physically locate the occurrence of discharges and is being used in various equipment such as\nlarge transformers.\n- Radio interference voltage method - The radio interference voltage test (TRI) is based on the fact that PDs generate electromagnetic waves in the form of static interference. The receiver is calibrated in micro-volts to measure the value of the input signal. This method is not suitable for physically locating the location of the discharges within the equipment, but rather for quantifying the\ndownloads. TRI measurement is used in both high voltage equipment and transmission lines. In equipment,\ndischarge signals are detected through a resistance, whereas in transmission lines, radio-frequency (RF) interference generated by discharges is detected using an antenna.\n- Electrical method - This technique causes the instrument to detect discharges to become part of the electrical circuit, including the equipment where the discharges are occurring. In this method the discharges are normally measured at Coulombs peak. This measurement procedure is the most used in generators,\ntransformers, high voltage cables, capacitors, among others. An RLC (resistive, inductive and capacitive) or RC (resistive and capacitive) detection impedance can be\nthe RLC being for a narrow frequency detection mode and the RC for a frequency wideband detection mode.", "466844": "Where did you get this information? It's interesting information but I wonder if there might be some valuable context in the full reference from which it came.", "467077": "It was in a PhD work for a Brazilian Research Institute, which is focused on this area. All content is in Portuguese, and there are some technical terms, so it is not an easy task to make this modification, it is a very large and advanced research, so I am still studying it, because I want to try to bring more things that can help with the project here.", "467147": "could you please provide us the reference, anyway? I am brazilian heheh", "467273": "Okay, it's here : \nhttp://www.pee.ufrj.br/index.php/pt/producao-academica/teses-de-doutorado/2005/2005063051-2005063051/file\nIt is a very well done PhD work, it has all the concepts, methods of measurement and some experimental models for Partial Discharge Decree.", "467369": "thank you!", "469028": "Thank you for sharing really useful information! I think \"PD\" (Partial Discharge) is correct word in this post, not DP, right?", "469030": "Exactly.", "469038": "Thanks you for dealing with that right away!" }, "source": "meta" }