In the data description there exists \"Each signal contains 800,000 measurements of a power line's voltage, taken over 20 milliseconds.\". However, all the visualized graph of this data labeled the y of \"Amplitude [bit]\", can someone tell me why the unit of this voltage signal is \"amplitude [bit]\" but not \"Voltage [V]\" ? What is detail meaning of the \"amplitude [bit]\" ? I have found some of the related papers but found nothing introduction of this. Thank you for any guidance or links to additional resources!
", "messages": [ { "id": 1803636, "postDate": "2022-05-28T03:21:48.667Z", "content": "In the data description there exists \"Each signal contains 800,000 measurements of a power line's voltage, taken over 20 milliseconds.\". However, all the visualized graph of this data labeled the y of \"Amplitude [bit]\", can someone tell me why the unit of this voltage signal is \"amplitude [bit]\" but not \"Voltage [V]\" ? What is detail meaning of the \"amplitude [bit]\" ? I have found some of the related papers but found nothing introduction of this. Thank you for any guidance or links to additional resources!
", "rawMarkdown": "In the data description there exists \"Each signal contains 800,000 measurements of a power line's voltage, taken over 20 milliseconds.\". However, all the visualized graph of this data labeled the y of \"Amplitude [bit]\", can someone tell me why the unit of this voltage signal is \"amplitude [bit]\" but not \"Voltage [V]\" ? What is detail meaning of the \"amplitude [bit]\" ? I have found some of the related papers but found nothing introduction of this. Thank you for any guidance or links to additional resources!\n", "votes": 4 }, { "id": 1805241, "postDate": "2022-05-30T01:39:01.147Z", "content": "M0nZDeRR, thanks for you helpfull reply.
\nThe [bit] unit is using in the notebook of the code section of this dataset.
\nCould you please give me some more related references about the topic of \"The latter is a digital device that would eventually convert a signal represented by low voltages within some range (say, +/- 5.0 V) to a digital values represented by a number of bits (8, 10, 16, 24…). This is where, I believe, the [bit] unit came from.\" ?
\nThanks very much!
", "rawMarkdown": "M0nZDeRR, thanks for you helpfull reply. \n\nThe [bit] unit is using in the notebook of the code section of this dataset. \n\nCould you please give me some more related references about the topic of \"The latter is a digital device that would eventually convert a signal represented by low voltages within some range (say, +/- 5.0 V) to a digital values represented by a number of bits (8, 10, 16, 24…). This is where, I believe, the [bit] unit came from.\" ? \n\nThanks very much!" }, { "id": 1804908, "postDate": "2022-05-29T14:39:50.833Z", "content": "Not sure about the origins and the meaning of the [bit] unit (where did it came from?), but in power systems it is common to deal with the quantities in the so called PU (per-unit) system. In this systems the unit (1.0) corresponds to the nominal (reference) value or plate value of the equipment. This system is especially convenient for voltages that undergo transformations in power grids: SI values (Volts) usually change drastically from one side of the transformer to another (due to different transformer ratios and the connection schemes, i.e., Y-D, D-Y, etc.), whereas the PU values (ideally) stay the same or differ only by a small amount due to losses. For example, consider a 230 kV power line, being stepped down to a distribution level of, say, 13.8 kV. One could measure 241 kV on the one side and 14.1 kV on another. Those voltages do not tell you much until you look at them on the per-unit bases: 241/230 = 1.048 PU, 14.1/13.8 = 1.022 PU. Now you can spot the 0.024 PU voltage drop, which is equivalent to 5.52 kV drop on one side or 0.33kV on the another side. This way you can judge the voltage profile of the network on the same basis, regardless to the nominal levels of its fragments.
\nNow, regarding the signal amplitude and the bits. Line voltage amplitude analyzers usually will consist of a step down transformer with some circuitry, possibly for protection and some filtering, and the ADC at the end. The latter is a digital device that would eventually convert a signal represented by low voltages within some range (say, +/- 5.0 V) to a digital values represented by a number of bits (8, 10, 16, 24…). This is where, I believe, the [bit] unit came from.
\nThat being said, one can conclude that the there exist physical line voltages (that can me measured in Volts) behind each amplitude data point, but their absolute values do not matter while there is a ratio that remain constant throughout the whole dataset.
", "rawMarkdown": "Not sure about the origins and the meaning of the [bit] unit (where did it came from?), but in power systems it is common to deal with the quantities in the so called PU (per-unit) system. In this systems the unit (1.0) corresponds to the nominal (reference) value or plate value of the equipment. This system is especially convenient for voltages that undergo transformations in power grids: SI values (Volts) usually change drastically from one side of the transformer to another (due to different transformer ratios and the connection schemes, i.e., Y-D, D-Y, etc.), whereas the PU values (ideally) stay the same or differ only by a small amount due to losses. For example, consider a 230 kV power line, being stepped down to a distribution level of, say, 13.8 kV. One could measure 241 kV on the one side and 14.1 kV on another. Those voltages do not tell you much until you look at them on the per-unit bases: 241/230 = 1.048 PU, 14.1/13.8 = 1.022 PU. Now you can spot the 0.024 PU voltage drop, which is equivalent to 5.52 kV drop on one side or 0.33kV on the another side. This way you can judge the voltage profile of the network on the same basis, regardless to the nominal levels of its fragments.\n\nNow, regarding the signal amplitude and the bits. Line voltage amplitude analyzers usually will consist of a step down transformer with some circuitry, possibly for protection and some filtering, and the ADC at the end. The latter is a digital device that would eventually convert a signal represented by low voltages within some range (say, +/- 5.0 V) to a digital values represented by a number of bits (8, 10, 16, 24...). This is where, I believe, the [bit] unit came from. \n\nThat being said, one can conclude that the there exist physical line voltages (that can me measured in Volts) behind each amplitude data point, but their absolute values do not matter while there is a ratio that remain constant throughout the whole dataset." }, { "id": 1804974, "postDate": "2022-05-29T15:55:37.613Z", "rawMarkdown": "", "isDeleted": true } ], "comments": [ { "id": 1805241, "author_name": "datahacker", "author_url": "", "post_date": "2022-05-30T01:39:01.147000", "content": "M0nZDeRR, thanks for you helpfull reply.
\nThe [bit] unit is using in the notebook of the code section of this dataset.
\nCould you please give me some more related references about the topic of \"The latter is a digital device that would eventually convert a signal represented by low voltages within some range (say, +/- 5.0 V) to a digital values represented by a number of bits (8, 10, 16, 24…). This is where, I believe, the [bit] unit came from.\" ?
\nThanks very much!
", "votes": 0, "replies": [] }, { "id": 1804908, "author_name": "M0nZDeRR", "author_url": "", "post_date": "2022-05-29T14:39:50.833000", "content": "Not sure about the origins and the meaning of the [bit] unit (where did it came from?), but in power systems it is common to deal with the quantities in the so called PU (per-unit) system. In this systems the unit (1.0) corresponds to the nominal (reference) value or plate value of the equipment. This system is especially convenient for voltages that undergo transformations in power grids: SI values (Volts) usually change drastically from one side of the transformer to another (due to different transformer ratios and the connection schemes, i.e., Y-D, D-Y, etc.), whereas the PU values (ideally) stay the same or differ only by a small amount due to losses. For example, consider a 230 kV power line, being stepped down to a distribution level of, say, 13.8 kV. One could measure 241 kV on the one side and 14.1 kV on another. Those voltages do not tell you much until you look at them on the per-unit bases: 241/230 = 1.048 PU, 14.1/13.8 = 1.022 PU. Now you can spot the 0.024 PU voltage drop, which is equivalent to 5.52 kV drop on one side or 0.33kV on the another side. This way you can judge the voltage profile of the network on the same basis, regardless to the nominal levels of its fragments.
\nNow, regarding the signal amplitude and the bits. Line voltage amplitude analyzers usually will consist of a step down transformer with some circuitry, possibly for protection and some filtering, and the ADC at the end. The latter is a digital device that would eventually convert a signal represented by low voltages within some range (say, +/- 5.0 V) to a digital values represented by a number of bits (8, 10, 16, 24…). This is where, I believe, the [bit] unit came from.
\nThat being said, one can conclude that the there exist physical line voltages (that can me measured in Volts) behind each amplitude data point, but their absolute values do not matter while there is a ratio that remain constant throughout the whole dataset.
", "votes": 0, "replies": [] }, { "id": 1804974, "author_name": "", "author_url": "", "post_date": "2022-05-29T15:55:37.613000", "content": "", "votes": 0, "replies": [] } ], "raw_markdown_by_id": { "1803636": "In the data description there exists \"Each signal contains 800,000 measurements of a power line's voltage, taken over 20 milliseconds.\". However, all the visualized graph of this data labeled the y of \"Amplitude [bit]\", can someone tell me why the unit of this voltage signal is \"amplitude [bit]\" but not \"Voltage [V]\" ? What is detail meaning of the \"amplitude [bit]\" ? I have found some of the related papers but found nothing introduction of this. Thank you for any guidance or links to additional resources!\n", "1805241": "M0nZDeRR, thanks for you helpfull reply. \n\nThe [bit] unit is using in the notebook of the code section of this dataset. \n\nCould you please give me some more related references about the topic of \"The latter is a digital device that would eventually convert a signal represented by low voltages within some range (say, +/- 5.0 V) to a digital values represented by a number of bits (8, 10, 16, 24…). This is where, I believe, the [bit] unit came from.\" ? \n\nThanks very much!", "1804908": "Not sure about the origins and the meaning of the [bit] unit (where did it came from?), but in power systems it is common to deal with the quantities in the so called PU (per-unit) system. In this systems the unit (1.0) corresponds to the nominal (reference) value or plate value of the equipment. This system is especially convenient for voltages that undergo transformations in power grids: SI values (Volts) usually change drastically from one side of the transformer to another (due to different transformer ratios and the connection schemes, i.e., Y-D, D-Y, etc.), whereas the PU values (ideally) stay the same or differ only by a small amount due to losses. For example, consider a 230 kV power line, being stepped down to a distribution level of, say, 13.8 kV. One could measure 241 kV on the one side and 14.1 kV on another. Those voltages do not tell you much until you look at them on the per-unit bases: 241/230 = 1.048 PU, 14.1/13.8 = 1.022 PU. Now you can spot the 0.024 PU voltage drop, which is equivalent to 5.52 kV drop on one side or 0.33kV on the another side. This way you can judge the voltage profile of the network on the same basis, regardless to the nominal levels of its fragments.\n\nNow, regarding the signal amplitude and the bits. Line voltage amplitude analyzers usually will consist of a step down transformer with some circuitry, possibly for protection and some filtering, and the ADC at the end. The latter is a digital device that would eventually convert a signal represented by low voltages within some range (say, +/- 5.0 V) to a digital values represented by a number of bits (8, 10, 16, 24...). This is where, I believe, the [bit] unit came from. \n\nThat being said, one can conclude that the there exist physical line voltages (that can me measured in Volts) behind each amplitude data point, but their absolute values do not matter while there is a ratio that remain constant throughout the whole dataset.", "1804974": "" } }