{
  "id": 264182,
  "title": "Understanding the differences between T1w, T1wCE, T2w and FLAIR",
  "url": "/competitions/rsna-miccai-brain-tumor-radiogenomic-classification/discussion/264182",
  "author_name": "",
  "post_date": "2021-08-11T09:21:59.043274900Z",
  "votes": 33,
  "comment_count": 3,
  "views": 0,
  "content": "<p>My super-simplified, naive and non-expert understanding on the differences between modalities are as follows.</p>\n<ul>\n<li>T1w : short inversion times, T2w : longer, FLAIR : longest. (<a href=\"https://case.edu/med/neurology/NR/MRI%20Basics.htm\" target=\"_blank\">https://case.edu/med/neurology/NR/MRI%20Basics.htm</a>)</li>\n<li>T1w vs T2w : It's all about fat and water (<a href=\"https://www.radiologymasterclass.co.uk/tutorials/mri/t1_and_t2_images\" target=\"_blank\">https://www.radiologymasterclass.co.uk/tutorials/mri/t1_and_t2_images</a>)<ul>\n<li>T1 images – 1 tissue type is bright – FAT</li>\n<li>T2 images – 2 tissue types are bright – FAT and WATER</li></ul></li>\n<li>FLAIR vs T2w - It's all about cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) signal (<a href=\"https://radiopaedia.org/articles/fluid-attenuated-inversion-recovery?lang=gb\" target=\"_blank\">https://radiopaedia.org/articles/fluid-attenuated-inversion-recovery?lang=gb</a>)<ul>\n<li>Fluid attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) is a special inversion recovery sequence like T2w but with a longer inversion time. This removes signal from the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the resulting images.</li>\n<li>Brain tissue on FLAIR images appears similar to T2 weighted images with grey matter brighter than white matter but CSF is dark instead of bright.</li></ul></li>\n<li>T1wCE : the contrast gives emphasis on the tumor mass, so that's another important modality. (<a href=\"https://www.kaggle.com/c/rsna-miccai-brain-tumor-radiogenomic-classification/discussion/252843\" target=\"_blank\">https://www.kaggle.com/c/rsna-miccai-brain-tumor-radiogenomic-classification/discussion/252843</a>)</li>\n</ul>\n<p>Let me know if you have any corrections or comments and will modify accordingly.</p>",
  "messages": [
    {
      "id": "1466022",
      "postDate": "08/11/2021 09:21:59",
      "content": "<p>My super-simplified, naive and non-expert understanding on the differences between modalities are as follows.</p>\n<ul>\n<li>T1w : short inversion times, T2w : longer, FLAIR : longest. (<a href=\"https://case.edu/med/neurology/NR/MRI%20Basics.htm\" target=\"_blank\">https://case.edu/med/neurology/NR/MRI%20Basics.htm</a>)</li>\n<li>T1w vs T2w : It's all about fat and water (<a href=\"https://www.radiologymasterclass.co.uk/tutorials/mri/t1_and_t2_images\" target=\"_blank\">https://www.radiologymasterclass.co.uk/tutorials/mri/t1_and_t2_images</a>)<ul>\n<li>T1 images – 1 tissue type is bright – FAT</li>\n<li>T2 images – 2 tissue types are bright – FAT and WATER</li></ul></li>\n<li>FLAIR vs T2w - It's all about cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) signal (<a href=\"https://radiopaedia.org/articles/fluid-attenuated-inversion-recovery?lang=gb\" target=\"_blank\">https://radiopaedia.org/articles/fluid-attenuated-inversion-recovery?lang=gb</a>)<ul>\n<li>Fluid attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) is a special inversion recovery sequence like T2w but with a longer inversion time. This removes signal from the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the resulting images.</li>\n<li>Brain tissue on FLAIR images appears similar to T2 weighted images with grey matter brighter than white matter but CSF is dark instead of bright.</li></ul></li>\n<li>T1wCE : the contrast gives emphasis on the tumor mass, so that's another important modality. (<a href=\"https://www.kaggle.com/c/rsna-miccai-brain-tumor-radiogenomic-classification/discussion/252843\" target=\"_blank\">https://www.kaggle.com/c/rsna-miccai-brain-tumor-radiogenomic-classification/discussion/252843</a>)</li>\n</ul>\n<p>Let me know if you have any corrections or comments and will modify accordingly.</p>",
      "rawMarkdown": "My super-simplified, naive and non-expert understanding on the differences between modalities are as follows.\n\n- T1w : short inversion times, T2w : longer, FLAIR : longest. (https://case.edu/med/neurology/NR/MRI%20Basics.htm)\n- T1w vs T2w : It's all about fat and water (https://www.radiologymasterclass.co.uk/tutorials/mri/t1_and_t2_images)\n    - T1 images – 1 tissue type is bright – FAT\n    - T2 images – 2 tissue types are bright – FAT and WATER\n- FLAIR vs T2w - It's all about cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) signal (https://radiopaedia.org/articles/fluid-attenuated-inversion-recovery?lang=gb)\n    - Fluid attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) is a special inversion recovery sequence like T2w but with a longer inversion time. This removes signal from the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the resulting images.\n    - Brain tissue on FLAIR images appears similar to T2 weighted images with grey matter brighter than white matter but CSF is dark instead of bright.\n- T1wCE : the contrast gives emphasis on the tumor mass, so that's another important modality. (https://www.kaggle.com/c/rsna-miccai-brain-tumor-radiogenomic-classification/discussion/252843)\n\nLet me know if you have any corrections or comments and will modify accordingly.",
      "votes": null
    },
    {
      "id": "1481559",
      "postDate": "08/19/2021 15:23:26",
      "content": "<p>This is incredibly helpful without wasting anyone's time. Great job!</p>",
      "rawMarkdown": "This is incredibly helpful without wasting anyone's time. Great job!",
      "votes": null
    },
    {
      "id": "1481590",
      "postDate": "08/19/2021 15:36:50",
      "content": "<p>Thank you for sharing. Do you think FLAIR and T1wCE might give more information compare to T1w and T2w?</p>",
      "rawMarkdown": "Thank you for sharing. Do you think FLAIR and T1wCE might give more information compare to T1w and T2w?",
      "votes": null
    },
    {
      "id": "1481615",
      "postDate": "08/19/2021 15:47:27",
      "content": "<p>That's a good question. </p>\n<p>I'm really not an expert on this, so hard to say. My feeling is that they are all useful and that even the differences between what is shown in T1wCE, FLAIR and T1w, T2w, respectively, might help in the classification as well. I got that impression reading this nice, but also long and dense with medical language review paper on this: <a href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7457548/pdf/nihms-1603569.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7457548/pdf/nihms-1603569.pdf</a><br>\nWhat I got out of it is that there is not really common agreement of the scientific community on which modality is the best and that past studies indicate that different tumor features are revealed best with some combo. But I might have missed something.</p>",
      "rawMarkdown": "That's a good question. \n\nI'm really not an expert on this, so hard to say. My feeling is that they are all useful and that even the differences between what is shown in T1wCE, FLAIR and T1w, T2w, respectively, might help in the classification as well. I got that impression reading this nice, but also long and dense with medical language review paper on this: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7457548/pdf/nihms-1603569.pdf\nWhat I got out of it is that there is not really common agreement of the scientific community on which modality is the best and that past studies indicate that different tumor features are revealed best with some combo. But I might have missed something.",
      "votes": null
    }
  ],
  "comments": [
    {
      "id": 1481559,
      "author_name": "dschettler8845",
      "author_url": "",
      "post_date": "08/19/2021 15:23:26",
      "content": "<p>This is incredibly helpful without wasting anyone's time. Great job!</p>",
      "votes": null,
      "replies": []
    },
    {
      "id": 1481590,
      "author_name": "wfarzana",
      "author_url": "",
      "post_date": "08/19/2021 15:36:50",
      "content": "<p>Thank you for sharing. Do you think FLAIR and T1wCE might give more information compare to T1w and T2w?</p>",
      "votes": null,
      "replies": [
        {
          "id": 1481615,
          "author_name": "smoschou55",
          "author_url": "",
          "post_date": "08/19/2021 15:47:27",
          "content": "<p>That's a good question. </p>\n<p>I'm really not an expert on this, so hard to say. My feeling is that they are all useful and that even the differences between what is shown in T1wCE, FLAIR and T1w, T2w, respectively, might help in the classification as well. I got that impression reading this nice, but also long and dense with medical language review paper on this: <a href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7457548/pdf/nihms-1603569.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7457548/pdf/nihms-1603569.pdf</a><br>\nWhat I got out of it is that there is not really common agreement of the scientific community on which modality is the best and that past studies indicate that different tumor features are revealed best with some combo. But I might have missed something.</p>",
          "votes": null,
          "replies": []
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "raw_markdown_by_id": {
    "1466022": "My super-simplified, naive and non-expert understanding on the differences between modalities are as follows.\n\n- T1w : short inversion times, T2w : longer, FLAIR : longest. (https://case.edu/med/neurology/NR/MRI%20Basics.htm)\n- T1w vs T2w : It's all about fat and water (https://www.radiologymasterclass.co.uk/tutorials/mri/t1_and_t2_images)\n    - T1 images – 1 tissue type is bright – FAT\n    - T2 images – 2 tissue types are bright – FAT and WATER\n- FLAIR vs T2w - It's all about cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) signal (https://radiopaedia.org/articles/fluid-attenuated-inversion-recovery?lang=gb)\n    - Fluid attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) is a special inversion recovery sequence like T2w but with a longer inversion time. This removes signal from the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the resulting images.\n    - Brain tissue on FLAIR images appears similar to T2 weighted images with grey matter brighter than white matter but CSF is dark instead of bright.\n- T1wCE : the contrast gives emphasis on the tumor mass, so that's another important modality. (https://www.kaggle.com/c/rsna-miccai-brain-tumor-radiogenomic-classification/discussion/252843)\n\nLet me know if you have any corrections or comments and will modify accordingly.",
    "1481559": "This is incredibly helpful without wasting anyone's time. Great job!",
    "1481590": "Thank you for sharing. Do you think FLAIR and T1wCE might give more information compare to T1w and T2w?",
    "1481615": "That's a good question. \n\nI'm really not an expert on this, so hard to say. My feeling is that they are all useful and that even the differences between what is shown in T1wCE, FLAIR and T1w, T2w, respectively, might help in the classification as well. I got that impression reading this nice, but also long and dense with medical language review paper on this: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7457548/pdf/nihms-1603569.pdf\nWhat I got out of it is that there is not really common agreement of the scientific community on which modality is the best and that past studies indicate that different tumor features are revealed best with some combo. But I might have missed something."
  },
  "source": "meta"
}