Hello, Kagglers!
\n\nI am a medical doctor in South Korea. Today, I'd like to talk about basic concepts of interstitial lung disease (ILD) and idopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF).
\n\nThough not being a chest radiologist, I have conducted a study about IPF and I am pleased to share my knowledge to kagglers.
\n\nIf anything wrong appears in this article, pleas let me and kagglers know through comments.
\n\nLet's start.
\n\nFor those who are not native to english or not familiar with medical domain, let me explain some basic keywords to understand ILD.
\n\nIn the lung, significant fraction of the lung is filled with air. However, as you know, lung itself is not fully filled with air.
\n\nSome fraction of flesh occupy lung and it is called tissue, and most of the tissue is called \"interstitium\".
\n\n\n\nILD is a disease state that interstitium is converted to fibrotic change(=scarring change). Fibrotic change means that tissue losses its original function and is changed with molecular composition to collagen, fibrogen, etc. This fibrotic change is most easily seen in burn scars.
\n\nHowever, ILD is not a unique disease. It is collection of various heterogeneous disease spectrum.
\n\nImagine cough. Is cough a disease? No. It is a symptom. Like cough, fibrotic change is only a radiologic, clinical finding. Therefore, there are variety of diseases that causes ILD and in this sense, ILD is collection of various heterogeneous disease spectrum.
\n\nILD can be classified into two categories: idiopathic(primary) and secondary.
\n\nSecondary means there are another causes that causes ILD. However, not all ILD patients have original cause. For many patients, unveiling cause of ILD is so hard that even ILD experts fail to reveal their original cause. This is called \"idiopathic\", which simply means \"unknown\".
\n\nFor the most common subgroup of ILD, the underlying cause is unknown, and is named as \"idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF)\".
\n\nAs I mentioned, idiopathic means unknown, pulmonary means lung, fibrosis means scar.
\n\nThen why IPF or ILD is important? It has high-mortality within short time interval.
\n\nImagine respiration process. As you inspire, your lung extends and airflow flows from outside of the lung into the lung. And as you expire, your lung shrinks and airflow is converted. This is possible because your lung has capacity to extend and shrink.
\n\nWhat happens in ILD is that as your lung gets scar, it becomes stiff and losses capacity to extend and shrink. Therefore, ILD patients losses their ability to breath and rely on machinary devices, and finally dies.
\n\nTherefore it is important to delay fibrotic change of the lung for ILD patients.
\n\nThere are several FDA-approved drugs to delay ILD progression (especially IPF progression) like pirfenidone and nintedanib.
\n\nHowever these drugs only delay fibrosis and is not a cure drug.
\n\nLet's go back to the challenge. What is FVC (forced vital capacity)?
\n\nIn the hospital, to evaluate one's lung function, there is a test called \"pulmonary function test (PFT)\".
\n\nPFT is basically measures various numbers that can be extracted from respiratory system.
\n\nFVC is a number that how strong one can exhale after full inhale.
\n\nSimilarily, FEV1 is a number that how strong one can exhale after full inhale for 1 second.
\n\nYou can see this video to understand FVC and FEV1. video
\n\nThen why FVC? NEJM paper Many doctors think that 10% decline of absolute value of FVC can reflect disease progression, though not perfect.
\n\nBack to the challenge. Why should we predict FVC decline? As I mentioned, there are drugs that delays ILD (IFP) progression. However, not only price but also side effects are main hurdle for ILD (IPF) treatment. Therefore, if we can accurately predict ILD (IPF) progression, we can target for whom to use drugs and for whom not to use drugs. This kind of precision medicine (synonym for individualized treatment) is what our medical generation targets for.
\n\nThere are a lot to talk about ILD like radiologic finding, related works, ....
\n\nHowever, talking too much will worsen article's legibility and I want to give only key ideas for ILD and IPF.
\n\nThank you for reading this.
\n\nI hope all you get satisfying result on this competition!
", "messages": [ { "id": 921022, "postDate": "2020-07-09T03:02:52.347Z", "content": "Hello, Kagglers!
\n\nI am a medical doctor in South Korea. Today, I'd like to talk about basic concepts of interstitial lung disease (ILD) and idopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF).
\n\nThough not being a chest radiologist, I have conducted a study about IPF and I am pleased to share my knowledge to kagglers.
\n\nIf anything wrong appears in this article, pleas let me and kagglers know through comments.
\n\nLet's start.
\n\nFor those who are not native to english or not familiar with medical domain, let me explain some basic keywords to understand ILD.
\n\nIn the lung, significant fraction of the lung is filled with air. However, as you know, lung itself is not fully filled with air.
\n\nSome fraction of flesh occupy lung and it is called tissue, and most of the tissue is called \"interstitium\".
\n\n\n\nILD is a disease state that interstitium is converted to fibrotic change(=scarring change). Fibrotic change means that tissue losses its original function and is changed with molecular composition to collagen, fibrogen, etc. This fibrotic change is most easily seen in burn scars.
\n\nHowever, ILD is not a unique disease. It is collection of various heterogeneous disease spectrum.
\n\nImagine cough. Is cough a disease? No. It is a symptom. Like cough, fibrotic change is only a radiologic, clinical finding. Therefore, there are variety of diseases that causes ILD and in this sense, ILD is collection of various heterogeneous disease spectrum.
\n\nILD can be classified into two categories: idiopathic(primary) and secondary.
\n\nSecondary means there are another causes that causes ILD. However, not all ILD patients have original cause. For many patients, unveiling cause of ILD is so hard that even ILD experts fail to reveal their original cause. This is called \"idiopathic\", which simply means \"unknown\".
\n\nFor the most common subgroup of ILD, the underlying cause is unknown, and is named as \"idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF)\".
\n\nAs I mentioned, idiopathic means unknown, pulmonary means lung, fibrosis means scar.
\n\nThen why IPF or ILD is important? It has high-mortality within short time interval.
\n\nImagine respiration process. As you inspire, your lung extends and airflow flows from outside of the lung into the lung. And as you expire, your lung shrinks and airflow is converted. This is possible because your lung has capacity to extend and shrink.
\n\nWhat happens in ILD is that as your lung gets scar, it becomes stiff and losses capacity to extend and shrink. Therefore, ILD patients losses their ability to breath and rely on machinary devices, and finally dies.
\n\nTherefore it is important to delay fibrotic change of the lung for ILD patients.
\n\nThere are several FDA-approved drugs to delay ILD progression (especially IPF progression) like pirfenidone and nintedanib.
\n\nHowever these drugs only delay fibrosis and is not a cure drug.
\n\nLet's go back to the challenge. What is FVC (forced vital capacity)?
\n\nIn the hospital, to evaluate one's lung function, there is a test called \"pulmonary function test (PFT)\".
\n\nPFT is basically measures various numbers that can be extracted from respiratory system.
\n\nFVC is a number that how strong one can exhale after full inhale.
\n\nSimilarily, FEV1 is a number that how strong one can exhale after full inhale for 1 second.
\n\nYou can see this video to understand FVC and FEV1. video
\n\nThen why FVC? NEJM paper Many doctors think that 10% decline of absolute value of FVC can reflect disease progression, though not perfect.
\n\nBack to the challenge. Why should we predict FVC decline? As I mentioned, there are drugs that delays ILD (IFP) progression. However, not only price but also side effects are main hurdle for ILD (IPF) treatment. Therefore, if we can accurately predict ILD (IPF) progression, we can target for whom to use drugs and for whom not to use drugs. This kind of precision medicine (synonym for individualized treatment) is what our medical generation targets for.
\n\nThere are a lot to talk about ILD like radiologic finding, related works, ....
\n\nHowever, talking too much will worsen article's legibility and I want to give only key ideas for ILD and IPF.
\n\nThank you for reading this.
\n\nI hope all you get satisfying result on this competition!
", "rawMarkdown": "Hello, Kagglers!\n\nI am a medical doctor in South Korea. Today, I'd like to talk about basic concepts of interstitial lung disease (ILD) and idopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF).\n\nThough not being a chest radiologist, I have conducted a study about IPF and I am pleased to share my knowledge to kagglers.\n\nIf anything wrong appears in this article, pleas let me and kagglers know through comments.\n\nLet's start.\n\nFor those who are not native to english or not familiar with medical domain, let me explain some basic keywords to understand ILD.\n\nIn the lung, significant fraction of the lung is filled with air. However, as you know, lung itself is not fully filled with air. \n\nSome fraction of flesh occupy lung and it is called tissue, and most of the tissue is called \"interstitium\".\n\n[explain about interstitium](https://radiopaedia.org/articles/pulmonary-interstitium)\n\nILD is a disease state that interstitium is converted to fibrotic change(=scarring change). Fibrotic change means that tissue losses its original function and is changed with molecular composition to collagen, fibrogen, etc. This fibrotic change is most easily seen in burn scars.\n\nHowever, ILD is not a unique disease. It is collection of various heterogeneous disease spectrum.\n\nImagine cough. Is cough a disease? No. It is a symptom. Like cough, fibrotic change is only a radiologic, clinical finding. Therefore, there are variety of diseases that causes ILD and in this sense, ILD is collection of various heterogeneous disease spectrum.\n\nILD can be classified into two categories: idiopathic(primary) and secondary.\n\nSecondary means there are another causes that causes ILD. However, not all ILD patients have original cause. For many patients, unveiling cause of ILD is so hard that even ILD experts fail to reveal their original cause. This is called \"idiopathic\", which simply means \"unknown\". \n\nFor the most common subgroup of ILD, the underlying cause is unknown, and is named as \"idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF)\". \n\nAs I mentioned, idiopathic means unknown, pulmonary means lung, fibrosis means scar.\n\nThen why IPF or ILD is important? It has high-mortality within short time interval.\n\nImagine respiration process. As you inspire, your lung extends and airflow flows from outside of the lung into the lung. And as you expire, your lung shrinks and airflow is converted. This is possible because your lung has capacity to extend and shrink.\n\nWhat happens in ILD is that as your lung gets scar, it becomes stiff and losses capacity to extend and shrink. Therefore, ILD patients losses their ability to breath and rely on machinary devices, and finally dies.\n\nTherefore it is important to delay fibrotic change of the lung for ILD patients. \n\nThere are several FDA-approved drugs to delay ILD progression (especially IPF progression) like pirfenidone and nintedanib.\n\nHowever these drugs only delay fibrosis and is not a cure drug.\n\nLet's go back to the challenge. What is FVC (forced vital capacity)?\n\nIn the hospital, to evaluate one's lung function, there is a test called \"pulmonary function test (PFT)\".\n\nPFT is basically measures various numbers that can be extracted from respiratory system.\n\nFVC is a number that how strong one can exhale after full inhale.\n\nSimilarily, FEV1 is a number that how strong one can exhale after full inhale for 1 second.\n\nYou can see this video to understand FVC and FEV1. [video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BmYCAp4dRuA)\n\nThen why FVC? [NEJM paper](https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1402582) Many doctors think that 10% decline of absolute value of FVC can reflect disease progression, though not perfect.\n\nBack to the challenge. Why should we predict FVC decline? As I mentioned, there are drugs that delays ILD (IFP) progression. However, not only price but also side effects are main hurdle for ILD (IPF) treatment. Therefore, if we can accurately predict ILD (IPF) progression, we can target for whom to use drugs and for whom not to use drugs. This kind of precision medicine (synonym for individualized treatment) is what our medical generation targets for.\n\nThere are a lot to talk about ILD like radiologic finding, related works, ....\n\nHowever, talking too much will worsen article's legibility and I want to give only key ideas for ILD and IPF.\n\nThank you for reading this. \n\nI hope all you get satisfying result on this competition!", "votes": 59 }, { "id": 972317, "postDate": "2020-08-16T13:11:54.833Z", "content": "Thanks for sharing. It's good to learn about this disease from medical perspective to develop better models.
", "rawMarkdown": "Thanks for sharing. It's good to learn about this disease from medical perspective to develop better models.", "votes": 1 }, { "id": 985400, "postDate": "2020-08-25T17:48:46.253Z", "content": "Had a great insight after reading this thread and learned a lot from the things you described
", "rawMarkdown": "Had a great insight after reading this thread and learned a lot from the things you described " }, { "id": 952159, "postDate": "2020-07-30T17:06:53.080Z", "content": "Thanks for writing this piece of article. Really helped me understand the jargons used by medical people.
", "rawMarkdown": "Thanks for writing this piece of article. Really helped me understand the jargons used by medical people. " }, { "id": 934875, "postDate": "2020-07-18T20:58:14.433Z", "content": "It was very informative and really helped me to understand the things . Thank you for sharing your knowledge .
", "rawMarkdown": " It was very informative and really helped me to understand the things . Thank you for sharing your knowledge ." }, { "id": 931820, "postDate": "2020-07-16T13:28:20.163Z", "content": "Thank you for sharing! Very informative.\nHelpful for non-medical folks.
", "rawMarkdown": "Thank you for sharing! Very informative.\nHelpful for non-medical folks.\n" }, { "id": 931017, "postDate": "2020-07-15T22:38:27.577Z", "content": "This awful disease is scary as hell. Lose you capacity to breathe because your lung is scaring. I hope this and many other competitions can help in any way to advance the field.
", "rawMarkdown": "This awful disease is scary as hell. Lose you capacity to breathe because your lung is scaring. I hope this and many other competitions can help in any way to advance the field." }, { "id": 923798, "postDate": "2020-07-11T06:16:22.803Z", "content": "Great post for non-medical background kagglers!\nThank you for sharing.
", "rawMarkdown": "Great post for non-medical background kagglers!\nThank you for sharing." }, { "id": 922549, "postDate": "2020-07-10T07:33:18.693Z", "content": "Thanks for your articulated introduction to IPF!
", "rawMarkdown": "Thanks for your articulated introduction to IPF!" }, { "id": 921846, "postDate": "2020-07-09T15:45:39.790Z", "content": "Thanks for sharing this! This is really helpful for an individual like me who doesn't have a medical background.
", "rawMarkdown": "Thanks for sharing this! This is really helpful for an individual like me who doesn't have a medical background." }, { "id": 921148, "postDate": "2020-07-09T05:21:14.093Z", "content": "Thank you for sharing the background. It is very helpful for me to understand the terminology as well as the medical reasons behind the contest.
", "rawMarkdown": "Thank you for sharing the background. It is very helpful for me to understand the terminology as well as the medical reasons behind the contest." }, { "id": 930889, "postDate": "2020-07-15T19:36:30.640Z", "rawMarkdown": "", "isDeleted": true } ], "comments": [ { "id": 972317, "author_name": "Abu Zahid Bin Aziz", "author_url": "", "post_date": "2020-08-16T13:11:54.833000", "content": "Thanks for sharing. It's good to learn about this disease from medical perspective to develop better models.
", "votes": 1, "replies": [] }, { "id": 985400, "author_name": "V.Prasanna Kumar", "author_url": "", "post_date": "2020-08-25T17:48:46.253000", "content": "Had a great insight after reading this thread and learned a lot from the things you described
", "votes": 0, "replies": [] }, { "id": 952159, "author_name": "ML Noob", "author_url": "", "post_date": "2020-07-30T17:06:53.080000", "content": "Thanks for writing this piece of article. Really helped me understand the jargons used by medical people.
", "votes": 0, "replies": [] }, { "id": 934875, "author_name": "Praneeth Reddy Amudala Puchakayala", "author_url": "", "post_date": "2020-07-18T20:58:14.433000", "content": "It was very informative and really helped me to understand the things . Thank you for sharing your knowledge .
", "votes": 0, "replies": [] }, { "id": 931820, "author_name": "SreeRam", "author_url": "", "post_date": "2020-07-16T13:28:20.163000", "content": "Thank you for sharing! Very informative.\nHelpful for non-medical folks.
", "votes": 0, "replies": [] }, { "id": 931017, "author_name": "Ronaldo S.A. Batista", "author_url": "", "post_date": "2020-07-15T22:38:27.577000", "content": "This awful disease is scary as hell. Lose you capacity to breathe because your lung is scaring. I hope this and many other competitions can help in any way to advance the field.
", "votes": 0, "replies": [] }, { "id": 923798, "author_name": "Endi Niu", "author_url": "", "post_date": "2020-07-11T06:16:22.803000", "content": "Great post for non-medical background kagglers!\nThank you for sharing.
", "votes": 0, "replies": [] }, { "id": 922549, "author_name": "Hi-AI", "author_url": "", "post_date": "2020-07-10T07:33:18.693000", "content": "Thanks for your articulated introduction to IPF!
", "votes": 0, "replies": [] }, { "id": 921846, "author_name": "Aadhav Vignesh", "author_url": "", "post_date": "2020-07-09T15:45:39.790000", "content": "Thanks for sharing this! This is really helpful for an individual like me who doesn't have a medical background.
", "votes": 0, "replies": [] }, { "id": 921148, "author_name": "Wei Xie", "author_url": "", "post_date": "2020-07-09T05:21:14.093000", "content": "Thank you for sharing the background. It is very helpful for me to understand the terminology as well as the medical reasons behind the contest.
", "votes": 0, "replies": [] }, { "id": 930889, "author_name": "", "author_url": "", "post_date": "2020-07-15T19:36:30.640000", "content": "", "votes": 0, "replies": [] } ], "raw_markdown_by_id": { "921022": "Hello, Kagglers!\n\nI am a medical doctor in South Korea. Today, I'd like to talk about basic concepts of interstitial lung disease (ILD) and idopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF).\n\nThough not being a chest radiologist, I have conducted a study about IPF and I am pleased to share my knowledge to kagglers.\n\nIf anything wrong appears in this article, pleas let me and kagglers know through comments.\n\nLet's start.\n\nFor those who are not native to english or not familiar with medical domain, let me explain some basic keywords to understand ILD.\n\nIn the lung, significant fraction of the lung is filled with air. However, as you know, lung itself is not fully filled with air. \n\nSome fraction of flesh occupy lung and it is called tissue, and most of the tissue is called \"interstitium\".\n\n[explain about interstitium](https://radiopaedia.org/articles/pulmonary-interstitium)\n\nILD is a disease state that interstitium is converted to fibrotic change(=scarring change). Fibrotic change means that tissue losses its original function and is changed with molecular composition to collagen, fibrogen, etc. This fibrotic change is most easily seen in burn scars.\n\nHowever, ILD is not a unique disease. It is collection of various heterogeneous disease spectrum.\n\nImagine cough. Is cough a disease? No. It is a symptom. Like cough, fibrotic change is only a radiologic, clinical finding. Therefore, there are variety of diseases that causes ILD and in this sense, ILD is collection of various heterogeneous disease spectrum.\n\nILD can be classified into two categories: idiopathic(primary) and secondary.\n\nSecondary means there are another causes that causes ILD. However, not all ILD patients have original cause. For many patients, unveiling cause of ILD is so hard that even ILD experts fail to reveal their original cause. This is called \"idiopathic\", which simply means \"unknown\". \n\nFor the most common subgroup of ILD, the underlying cause is unknown, and is named as \"idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF)\". \n\nAs I mentioned, idiopathic means unknown, pulmonary means lung, fibrosis means scar.\n\nThen why IPF or ILD is important? It has high-mortality within short time interval.\n\nImagine respiration process. As you inspire, your lung extends and airflow flows from outside of the lung into the lung. And as you expire, your lung shrinks and airflow is converted. This is possible because your lung has capacity to extend and shrink.\n\nWhat happens in ILD is that as your lung gets scar, it becomes stiff and losses capacity to extend and shrink. Therefore, ILD patients losses their ability to breath and rely on machinary devices, and finally dies.\n\nTherefore it is important to delay fibrotic change of the lung for ILD patients. \n\nThere are several FDA-approved drugs to delay ILD progression (especially IPF progression) like pirfenidone and nintedanib.\n\nHowever these drugs only delay fibrosis and is not a cure drug.\n\nLet's go back to the challenge. What is FVC (forced vital capacity)?\n\nIn the hospital, to evaluate one's lung function, there is a test called \"pulmonary function test (PFT)\".\n\nPFT is basically measures various numbers that can be extracted from respiratory system.\n\nFVC is a number that how strong one can exhale after full inhale.\n\nSimilarily, FEV1 is a number that how strong one can exhale after full inhale for 1 second.\n\nYou can see this video to understand FVC and FEV1. [video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BmYCAp4dRuA)\n\nThen why FVC? [NEJM paper](https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1402582) Many doctors think that 10% decline of absolute value of FVC can reflect disease progression, though not perfect.\n\nBack to the challenge. Why should we predict FVC decline? As I mentioned, there are drugs that delays ILD (IFP) progression. However, not only price but also side effects are main hurdle for ILD (IPF) treatment. Therefore, if we can accurately predict ILD (IPF) progression, we can target for whom to use drugs and for whom not to use drugs. This kind of precision medicine (synonym for individualized treatment) is what our medical generation targets for.\n\nThere are a lot to talk about ILD like radiologic finding, related works, ....\n\nHowever, talking too much will worsen article's legibility and I want to give only key ideas for ILD and IPF.\n\nThank you for reading this. \n\nI hope all you get satisfying result on this competition!", "972317": "Thanks for sharing. It's good to learn about this disease from medical perspective to develop better models.", "985400": "Had a great insight after reading this thread and learned a lot from the things you described ", "952159": "Thanks for writing this piece of article. Really helped me understand the jargons used by medical people. ", "934875": " It was very informative and really helped me to understand the things . Thank you for sharing your knowledge .", "931820": "Thank you for sharing! Very informative.\nHelpful for non-medical folks.\n", "931017": "This awful disease is scary as hell. Lose you capacity to breathe because your lung is scaring. I hope this and many other competitions can help in any way to advance the field.", "923798": "Great post for non-medical background kagglers!\nThank you for sharing.", "922549": "Thanks for your articulated introduction to IPF!", "921846": "Thanks for sharing this! This is really helpful for an individual like me who doesn't have a medical background.", "921148": "Thank you for sharing the background. It is very helpful for me to understand the terminology as well as the medical reasons behind the contest.", "930889": "" } }