\n\nSome of us who are interested in participating in this competition are not very familiar with football or the NFL. As I looked around for some domain knowledge I found this guide as well as some other guides.
\n
\n Summarizing my findings below. Will be more then happy for corrections.
The NFL Provides some great videos about the Rules of the game.
\nNFL Official Rulebook
How many players are on a football team?
\nEach team is made oneone of 11 players. One 11-man team has possession of the football. It is called the offense and it tries to advance the ball down the field-by running with the ball or throwing it – and score points by crossing the goal line and getting into an area called the end zone.
The Offense:
\nWhichever team has possession of the ball is the offense. The general makeup of the offense can vary play-to-play, here are some of the positions that may be used:
The Defense:
\nThe job of the defense is to stop the offense. The 11 men on the defensive team all work together to keep the offense from advancing toward the defense's end zone. The general makeup of the defense can vary play-to-play, here are some of the positions that may be used:
The object of the game is to score the most points. This is done by carrying the ball into the end zone for a touchdown or kicking the ball through the goalposts at the back of the end zone.
\nPENALTIES
\nA penalty is a punishment for inappropriate action during the play by either the offense or the defense.
An offensive play begins with the ball on the line of scrimmage. The offense has four opportunities, called downs, to advance the ball 10 yards. When the ball is advanced at least 10 yards, the offense is awarded another first down and a new set of four downs.
\nThe field is 100 yards long and 53 yards wide with white markings on the area called yard markers to help keep track of the ball. The end-zone (or goal) is an additional 10 yards at each end of the field where each time try and score.
\nNFL games are divided into four 15-minute quarters, separated by a 12-minute break at halftime.
\nThere are also 2-minute breaks at the end of the first and third quarters as teams change the ends of the field after every 15 minutes of play. At the end of the first and third quarters, the team with the ball retains possession heading into the following quarter. That is not the case before halftime. The second half starts with a kickoff in the same way as the game began in the first quarter.
\nIf a game is tied at the end of regulation, a 15-minute overtime period will be played. In the NFL, this is sudden death, and the first team to score wins. Possession is determined before the period begins by a coin toss.
\nNFL games start with a kickoff.
\nThe ball is placed on a kicking tee at the defense’s 35-yard line, and a kicker kicks the ball to the opposition to take possession.
\nA kick returner can catch and advance the ball. Where the player is stopped is the point from which the offense will begin its offensive drive.
\nIf the ball is caught in its own end zone, the kick returner can either run the ball out of the end zone or kneel in the end zone to signal a touchback to stop the play. The ball is then placed on the 25-yard line, where the offense begins play.
\n\nRunning Plays
\nA running play is when an offensive player runs the ball either directly or handed off by the quarterback. The running back (can be quarterback, wide receiver, or another offensive player) tries to gain as many yards as possible by eluding defensive players. The play ends when the defense tackles the runner. The clock continues to run if the player is tackled within the field.
Pass Plays
\nMost often the quarterback passes the football to another offensive player. A pass is complete if the ball is caught by another offensive player, usually the wide receiver, tight end, or running back. f the ball hits the ground before someone catches it, it is called an incomplete pass. Time stops if the pass is dropped. If the ball is caught and the player is tackled within the field, the clock continues to run.
Forth Down
\nThe fourth down is when the offense has used all three downs and has not advanced the ball the required number of yards. If they have not, they have to decide whether to punt (kick) the ball to the defense, go for it, or attempt a field goal.
Penalties
\nThe offense and defense can be penalized for breaking the rules. Penalties are assessed as either a loss of yards (usually 5 or 10 yards) or a loss of a down.
\nA loss of yards means that the ball is moved back in the direction of the ball carrier or passer for the number of yards specified in the penalty.
\nA loss of down means that the team that was penalized is not awarded a first down even if they have advanced the ball 10 yards.
\nA penalty can also be assessed if a player breaks the rules while the ball is not in play.
\nIn the event that the offense fails to move the ball at least 10 yards within their four downs, they must turn the ball over to the defense. The offense can choose to punt the ball, surrendering possession but pinning the defense as close to their own end zone as possible.
\nWhen the play ends the offense has to give the ball up to the defense. It is turned over to them one of two ways.
\nPunt
\nWhen the offense has failed to gain 10 yards or score in four downs they punt (kick) the ball to the defense.
Downs
\nWhen the offense has gained the required 10 yards in four downs they are given another set of four downs.
Touchdown
\nWhen the offense has advanced the ball into the end zone or caught a pass or fumble in the end zone they score a touchdown.
Turnover on Downs
\nWhen the offense fails to gain the required 10 yards in four downs they must turn the ball over to the defense.
Offensive formations are strategies used to gain an advantage over the defense by changing the personnel and positioning of the offense.
\nBy changing positions and the number of players at each position the offense can take advantage of mismatches with their personnel. The quarterback changes the play before taking his position by the center.
\nThe basic offensive formation has seven offensive players positioned three in a row on the line of scrimmage and four in a row behind the line.
\nThe object of the game is to score the most points.
\nTouchdown = 6 Points
\nTo score a touchdown, the ball must be carried across the goal line into the end zone, caught in the end zone, or a fumble recovered in the end zone, or an untouched kickoff recovered in the end zone by the kicking team. When a touchdown is scored the offense can then decide to add points to their score with either of these:
\nExtra Point Kick = 1 Point
\nTwo Point Conversion = 2 Points
Field Goal = 3 Points
\nIf the offense cannot score a touchdown they may choose to kick a field goal through the goalposts at the back of the end zone. For a field goal to be scored the field goal kicker must kick the ball through the goal-post uprights and over the crossbar. The defense tries to block the kick and stop the ball from reaching the goalpost.
\nTeams most often go for a field goal when the kick is under 60 yards from the goal post (because it may be missed otherwise) and when it is forth down).
\nSafety = 2 POINTS
\nA safety is worth two points iscored by the defense when the offensive ball carrier is tackled in their own goal line.
The defense goal is to stop the offense by stopping them within four downs or a turnover. A turnover happens when the offense loses the ball to the defense in one of two ways.
\nFumble
\nWhen an offensive player who is carrying the ball drops the ball before they are considered tackled it is a fumble. Any player on the field can recover the ball when it is fumbled, which includes the offense. The team that recovers a fumble either gets or retains possession of the ball.
Interception
\nThe defense can also catch the ball from the offense by intercepting a pass meant for an offensive player.
Source: NFL.com
", "messages": [ { "id": "2057559", "postDate": "12/07/2022 07:58:16", "content": "\n\nSome of us who are interested in participating in this competition are not very familiar with football or the NFL. As I looked around for some domain knowledge I found this guide as well as some other guides.
\n
\n Summarizing my findings below. Will be more then happy for corrections.
The NFL Provides some great videos about the Rules of the game.
\nNFL Official Rulebook
How many players are on a football team?
\nEach team is made oneone of 11 players. One 11-man team has possession of the football. It is called the offense and it tries to advance the ball down the field-by running with the ball or throwing it – and score points by crossing the goal line and getting into an area called the end zone.
The Offense:
\nWhichever team has possession of the ball is the offense. The general makeup of the offense can vary play-to-play, here are some of the positions that may be used:
The Defense:
\nThe job of the defense is to stop the offense. The 11 men on the defensive team all work together to keep the offense from advancing toward the defense's end zone. The general makeup of the defense can vary play-to-play, here are some of the positions that may be used:
The object of the game is to score the most points. This is done by carrying the ball into the end zone for a touchdown or kicking the ball through the goalposts at the back of the end zone.
\nPENALTIES
\nA penalty is a punishment for inappropriate action during the play by either the offense or the defense.
An offensive play begins with the ball on the line of scrimmage. The offense has four opportunities, called downs, to advance the ball 10 yards. When the ball is advanced at least 10 yards, the offense is awarded another first down and a new set of four downs.
\nThe field is 100 yards long and 53 yards wide with white markings on the area called yard markers to help keep track of the ball. The end-zone (or goal) is an additional 10 yards at each end of the field where each time try and score.
\nNFL games are divided into four 15-minute quarters, separated by a 12-minute break at halftime.
\nThere are also 2-minute breaks at the end of the first and third quarters as teams change the ends of the field after every 15 minutes of play. At the end of the first and third quarters, the team with the ball retains possession heading into the following quarter. That is not the case before halftime. The second half starts with a kickoff in the same way as the game began in the first quarter.
\nIf a game is tied at the end of regulation, a 15-minute overtime period will be played. In the NFL, this is sudden death, and the first team to score wins. Possession is determined before the period begins by a coin toss.
\nNFL games start with a kickoff.
\nThe ball is placed on a kicking tee at the defense’s 35-yard line, and a kicker kicks the ball to the opposition to take possession.
\nA kick returner can catch and advance the ball. Where the player is stopped is the point from which the offense will begin its offensive drive.
\nIf the ball is caught in its own end zone, the kick returner can either run the ball out of the end zone or kneel in the end zone to signal a touchback to stop the play. The ball is then placed on the 25-yard line, where the offense begins play.
\n\nRunning Plays
\nA running play is when an offensive player runs the ball either directly or handed off by the quarterback. The running back (can be quarterback, wide receiver, or another offensive player) tries to gain as many yards as possible by eluding defensive players. The play ends when the defense tackles the runner. The clock continues to run if the player is tackled within the field.
Pass Plays
\nMost often the quarterback passes the football to another offensive player. A pass is complete if the ball is caught by another offensive player, usually the wide receiver, tight end, or running back. f the ball hits the ground before someone catches it, it is called an incomplete pass. Time stops if the pass is dropped. If the ball is caught and the player is tackled within the field, the clock continues to run.
Forth Down
\nThe fourth down is when the offense has used all three downs and has not advanced the ball the required number of yards. If they have not, they have to decide whether to punt (kick) the ball to the defense, go for it, or attempt a field goal.
Penalties
\nThe offense and defense can be penalized for breaking the rules. Penalties are assessed as either a loss of yards (usually 5 or 10 yards) or a loss of a down.
\nA loss of yards means that the ball is moved back in the direction of the ball carrier or passer for the number of yards specified in the penalty.
\nA loss of down means that the team that was penalized is not awarded a first down even if they have advanced the ball 10 yards.
\nA penalty can also be assessed if a player breaks the rules while the ball is not in play.
\nIn the event that the offense fails to move the ball at least 10 yards within their four downs, they must turn the ball over to the defense. The offense can choose to punt the ball, surrendering possession but pinning the defense as close to their own end zone as possible.
\nWhen the play ends the offense has to give the ball up to the defense. It is turned over to them one of two ways.
\nPunt
\nWhen the offense has failed to gain 10 yards or score in four downs they punt (kick) the ball to the defense.
Downs
\nWhen the offense has gained the required 10 yards in four downs they are given another set of four downs.
Touchdown
\nWhen the offense has advanced the ball into the end zone or caught a pass or fumble in the end zone they score a touchdown.
Turnover on Downs
\nWhen the offense fails to gain the required 10 yards in four downs they must turn the ball over to the defense.
Offensive formations are strategies used to gain an advantage over the defense by changing the personnel and positioning of the offense.
\nBy changing positions and the number of players at each position the offense can take advantage of mismatches with their personnel. The quarterback changes the play before taking his position by the center.
\nThe basic offensive formation has seven offensive players positioned three in a row on the line of scrimmage and four in a row behind the line.
\nThe object of the game is to score the most points.
\nTouchdown = 6 Points
\nTo score a touchdown, the ball must be carried across the goal line into the end zone, caught in the end zone, or a fumble recovered in the end zone, or an untouched kickoff recovered in the end zone by the kicking team. When a touchdown is scored the offense can then decide to add points to their score with either of these:
\nExtra Point Kick = 1 Point
\nTwo Point Conversion = 2 Points
Field Goal = 3 Points
\nIf the offense cannot score a touchdown they may choose to kick a field goal through the goalposts at the back of the end zone. For a field goal to be scored the field goal kicker must kick the ball through the goal-post uprights and over the crossbar. The defense tries to block the kick and stop the ball from reaching the goalpost.
\nTeams most often go for a field goal when the kick is under 60 yards from the goal post (because it may be missed otherwise) and when it is forth down).
\nSafety = 2 POINTS
\nA safety is worth two points iscored by the defense when the offensive ball carrier is tackled in their own goal line.
The defense goal is to stop the offense by stopping them within four downs or a turnover. A turnover happens when the offense loses the ball to the defense in one of two ways.
\nFumble
\nWhen an offensive player who is carrying the ball drops the ball before they are considered tackled it is a fumble. Any player on the field can recover the ball when it is fumbled, which includes the offense. The team that recovers a fumble either gets or retains possession of the ball.
Interception
\nThe defense can also catch the ball from the offense by intercepting a pass meant for an offensive player.
Source: NFL.com
", "rawMarkdown": "_____\n\n## NFL 101 - Introduction to NFL Football\n### Basic information about the game\n\n_____\n\n> Some of us who are interested in participating in this competition are not very familiar with football or the NFL. As I looked around for some domain knowledge I found [this](https://www.kaggle.com/competitions/nfl-health-and-safety-helmet-assignment/discussion/264037) guide as well as some other guides.\n> Summarizing my findings below. Will be more then happy for corrections. \n\n### NFL RULES:\n\nThe NFL Provides some great videos about the Rules of the game.\n[NFL Official Rulebook](https://operations.nfl.com/the-rules/nfl-video-rulebook/)\n\n### NFL TEAMS\n\nHow many players are on a football team?\nEach team is made oneone of 11 players. One 11-man team has possession of the football. It is called the offense and it tries to advance the ball down the field-by running with the ball or throwing it – and score points by crossing the goal line and getting into an area called the end zone.\n\n**The Offense:**\nWhichever team has possession of the ball is the offense. The general makeup of the offense can vary play-to-play, here are some of the positions that may be used:\n- The Quarterback\n- The Center\n- Two guards\n- Two tackles\n- Two/four wide receivers\n- The running back\n- The Fullback\n- One of two tight ends\n\n**The Defense:**\nThe job of the defense is to stop the offense. The 11 men on the defensive team all work together to keep the offense from advancing toward the defense's end zone. The general makeup of the defense can vary play-to-play, here are some of the positions that may be used:\n- Linebackers\n- Defensive ends\n- Cornerbacks\n- Strong Safety\n- Free safety\n- Nose, or defensive, tackle\n\n### THE OBJECT OF THE GAME\nThe object of the game is to score the most points. This is done by carrying the ball into the end zone for a touchdown or kicking the ball through the goalposts at the back of the end zone.\n\n**PENALTIES**\nA penalty is a punishment for inappropriate action during the play by either the offense or the defense.\n\n### DOWNs\n\nAn offensive play begins with the ball on the line of scrimmage. The offense has four opportunities, called downs, to advance the ball 10 yards. When the ball is advanced at least 10 yards, the offense is awarded another first down and a new set of four downs.\n\n### The Playing field:\n\nThe field is 100 yards long and 53 yards wide with white markings on the area called yard markers to help keep track of the ball. The end-zone (or goal) is an additional 10 yards at each end of the field where each time try and score.\n\n### Timing\n\nNFL games are divided into four 15-minute quarters, separated by a 12-minute break at halftime.\n\nThere are also 2-minute breaks at the end of the first and third quarters as teams change the ends of the field after every 15 minutes of play. At the end of the first and third quarters, the team with the ball retains possession heading into the following quarter. That is not the case before halftime. The second half starts with a kickoff in the same way as the game began in the first quarter.\n\nIf a game is tied at the end of regulation, a 15-minute overtime period will be played. In the NFL, this is sudden death, and the first team to score wins. Possession is determined before the period begins by a coin toss.\n\n### Kickoffs\n\nNFL games start with a kickoff.\n\nThe ball is placed on a kicking tee at the defense’s 35-yard line, and a kicker kicks the ball to the opposition to take possession.\n\nA kick returner can catch and advance the ball. Where the player is stopped is the point from which the offense will begin its offensive drive.\n\nIf the ball is caught in its own end zone, the kick returner can either run the ball out of the end zone or kneel in the end zone to signal a touchback to stop the play. The ball is then placed on the 25-yard line, where the offense begins play.\n\n[Further rules](https://operations.nfl.com/the-rules/nfl-video-rulebook/kickoff-rules/)\n\n### Offensive possession\n\n**Running Plays**\nA running play is when an offensive player runs the ball either directly or handed off by the quarterback. The running back (can be quarterback, wide receiver, or another offensive player) tries to gain as many yards as possible by eluding defensive players. The play ends when the defense tackles the runner. The clock continues to run if the player is tackled within the field.\n\n**Pass Plays**\nMost often the quarterback passes the football to another offensive player. A pass is complete if the ball is caught by another offensive player, usually the wide receiver, tight end, or running back. f the ball hits the ground before someone catches it, it is called an incomplete pass. Time stops if the pass is dropped. If the ball is caught and the player is tackled within the field, the clock continues to run.\n\n**Forth Down**\nThe fourth down is when the offense has used all three downs and has not advanced the ball the required number of yards. If they have not, they have to decide whether to punt (kick) the ball to the defense, go for it, or attempt a field goal.\n\n**Penalties**\n\nThe offense and defense can be penalized for breaking the rules. Penalties are assessed as either a loss of yards (usually 5 or 10 yards) or a loss of a down.\n\nA loss of yards means that the ball is moved back in the direction of the ball carrier or passer for the number of yards specified in the penalty.\n\nA loss of down means that the team that was penalized is not awarded a first down even if they have advanced the ball 10 yards.\n\nA penalty can also be assessed if a player breaks the rules while the ball is not in play.\n\n### Punting\nIn the event that the offense fails to move the ball at least 10 yards within their four downs, they must turn the ball over to the defense. The offense can choose to punt the ball, surrendering possession but pinning the defense as close to their own end zone as possible.\n\n### End of Possession\n\nWhen the play ends the offense has to give the ball up to the defense. It is turned over to them one of two ways.\n\n**Punt**\nWhen the offense has failed to gain 10 yards or score in four downs they punt (kick) the ball to the defense.\n\n**Downs**\nWhen the offense has gained the required 10 yards in four downs they are given another set of four downs.\n\n**Touchdown**\nWhen the offense has advanced the ball into the end zone or caught a pass or fumble in the end zone they score a touchdown.\n\n**Turnover on Downs**\nWhen the offense fails to gain the required 10 yards in four downs they must turn the ball over to the defense.\n\n### Formations\n\nOffensive formations are strategies used to gain an advantage over the defense by changing the personnel and positioning of the offense.\n\nBy changing positions and the number of players at each position the offense can take advantage of mismatches with their personnel. The quarterback changes the play before taking his position by the center.\n\nThe basic offensive formation has seven offensive players positioned three in a row on the line of scrimmage and four in a row behind the line.\n\n### SCORING\n\nThe object of the game is to score the most points.\n\n**Touchdown = 6 Points**\n\nTo score a touchdown, the ball must be carried across the goal line into the end zone, caught in the end zone, or a fumble recovered in the end zone, or an untouched kickoff recovered in the end zone by the kicking team. When a touchdown is scored the offense can then decide to add points to their score with either of these:\nExtra Point Kick = 1 Point\nTwo Point Conversion = 2 Points\n\n**Field Goal = 3 Points**\n\nIf the offense cannot score a touchdown they may choose to kick a field goal through the goalposts at the back of the end zone. For a field goal to be scored the field goal kicker must kick the ball through the goal-post uprights and over the crossbar. The defense tries to block the kick and stop the ball from reaching the goalpost.\n\nTeams most often go for a field goal when the kick is under 60 yards from the goal post (because it may be missed otherwise) and when it is forth down).\n\n**Safety = 2 POINTS**\nA safety is worth two points iscored by the defense when the offensive ball carrier is tackled in their own goal line.\n\n### TURNOVERS\n\nThe defense goal is to stop the offense by stopping them within four downs or a turnover. A turnover happens when the offense loses the ball to the defense in one of two ways.\n\n**Fumble**\nWhen an offensive player who is carrying the ball drops the ball before they are considered tackled it is a fumble. Any player on the field can recover the ball when it is fumbled, which includes the offense. The team that recovers a fumble either gets or retains possession of the ball.\n\n**Interception**\nThe defense can also catch the ball from the offense by intercepting a pass meant for an offensive player.\n\nSource: NFL.com", "votes": null }, { "id": "2058712", "postDate": "12/08/2022 06:29:24", "content": "this is different from the one in Qatar 😳
", "rawMarkdown": "this is different from the one in Qatar 😳", "votes": null }, { "id": "2060184", "postDate": "12/09/2022 16:12:24", "content": "I was very happy with this creativity. We can cooperate together to achieve the greatest benefit
", "rawMarkdown": "I was very happy with this creativity. We can cooperate together to achieve the greatest benefit", "votes": null }, { "id": "2061413", "postDate": "12/11/2022 05:42:02", "content": "I wonder why this is called football as the game is mostly played with hands and less with legs. Any thoughts on this @thedevastator, @nyleve, @mr0106?
", "rawMarkdown": "I wonder why this is called football as the game is mostly played with hands and less with legs. Any thoughts on this @thedevastator, @nyleve, @mr0106?", "votes": null }, { "id": "2146445", "postDate": "02/15/2023 21:54:51", "content": "you can see in the rule: There is a Kicker in the match and they always end with a kick, maybe that's the reason.
", "rawMarkdown": "you can see in the rule: There is a Kicker in the match and they always end with a kick, maybe that's the reason.", "votes": null } ], "comments": [ { "id": 2058712, "author_name": "nyleve", "author_url": "", "post_date": "12/08/2022 06:29:24", "content": "this is different from the one in Qatar 😳
", "votes": null, "replies": [] }, { "id": 2060184, "author_name": "mr0106", "author_url": "", "post_date": "12/09/2022 16:12:24", "content": "I was very happy with this creativity. We can cooperate together to achieve the greatest benefit
", "votes": null, "replies": [] }, { "id": 2061413, "author_name": "ravi20076", "author_url": "", "post_date": "12/11/2022 05:42:02", "content": "I wonder why this is called football as the game is mostly played with hands and less with legs. Any thoughts on this @thedevastator, @nyleve, @mr0106?
", "votes": null, "replies": [ { "id": 2146445, "author_name": "dwchen", "author_url": "", "post_date": "02/15/2023 21:54:51", "content": "you can see in the rule: There is a Kicker in the match and they always end with a kick, maybe that's the reason.
", "votes": null, "replies": [] } ] } ], "raw_markdown_by_id": { "2057559": "_____\n\n## NFL 101 - Introduction to NFL Football\n### Basic information about the game\n\n_____\n\n> Some of us who are interested in participating in this competition are not very familiar with football or the NFL. As I looked around for some domain knowledge I found [this](https://www.kaggle.com/competitions/nfl-health-and-safety-helmet-assignment/discussion/264037) guide as well as some other guides.\n> Summarizing my findings below. Will be more then happy for corrections. \n\n### NFL RULES:\n\nThe NFL Provides some great videos about the Rules of the game.\n[NFL Official Rulebook](https://operations.nfl.com/the-rules/nfl-video-rulebook/)\n\n### NFL TEAMS\n\nHow many players are on a football team?\nEach team is made oneone of 11 players. One 11-man team has possession of the football. It is called the offense and it tries to advance the ball down the field-by running with the ball or throwing it – and score points by crossing the goal line and getting into an area called the end zone.\n\n**The Offense:**\nWhichever team has possession of the ball is the offense. The general makeup of the offense can vary play-to-play, here are some of the positions that may be used:\n- The Quarterback\n- The Center\n- Two guards\n- Two tackles\n- Two/four wide receivers\n- The running back\n- The Fullback\n- One of two tight ends\n\n**The Defense:**\nThe job of the defense is to stop the offense. The 11 men on the defensive team all work together to keep the offense from advancing toward the defense's end zone. The general makeup of the defense can vary play-to-play, here are some of the positions that may be used:\n- Linebackers\n- Defensive ends\n- Cornerbacks\n- Strong Safety\n- Free safety\n- Nose, or defensive, tackle\n\n### THE OBJECT OF THE GAME\nThe object of the game is to score the most points. This is done by carrying the ball into the end zone for a touchdown or kicking the ball through the goalposts at the back of the end zone.\n\n**PENALTIES**\nA penalty is a punishment for inappropriate action during the play by either the offense or the defense.\n\n### DOWNs\n\nAn offensive play begins with the ball on the line of scrimmage. The offense has four opportunities, called downs, to advance the ball 10 yards. When the ball is advanced at least 10 yards, the offense is awarded another first down and a new set of four downs.\n\n### The Playing field:\n\nThe field is 100 yards long and 53 yards wide with white markings on the area called yard markers to help keep track of the ball. The end-zone (or goal) is an additional 10 yards at each end of the field where each time try and score.\n\n### Timing\n\nNFL games are divided into four 15-minute quarters, separated by a 12-minute break at halftime.\n\nThere are also 2-minute breaks at the end of the first and third quarters as teams change the ends of the field after every 15 minutes of play. At the end of the first and third quarters, the team with the ball retains possession heading into the following quarter. That is not the case before halftime. The second half starts with a kickoff in the same way as the game began in the first quarter.\n\nIf a game is tied at the end of regulation, a 15-minute overtime period will be played. In the NFL, this is sudden death, and the first team to score wins. Possession is determined before the period begins by a coin toss.\n\n### Kickoffs\n\nNFL games start with a kickoff.\n\nThe ball is placed on a kicking tee at the defense’s 35-yard line, and a kicker kicks the ball to the opposition to take possession.\n\nA kick returner can catch and advance the ball. Where the player is stopped is the point from which the offense will begin its offensive drive.\n\nIf the ball is caught in its own end zone, the kick returner can either run the ball out of the end zone or kneel in the end zone to signal a touchback to stop the play. The ball is then placed on the 25-yard line, where the offense begins play.\n\n[Further rules](https://operations.nfl.com/the-rules/nfl-video-rulebook/kickoff-rules/)\n\n### Offensive possession\n\n**Running Plays**\nA running play is when an offensive player runs the ball either directly or handed off by the quarterback. The running back (can be quarterback, wide receiver, or another offensive player) tries to gain as many yards as possible by eluding defensive players. The play ends when the defense tackles the runner. The clock continues to run if the player is tackled within the field.\n\n**Pass Plays**\nMost often the quarterback passes the football to another offensive player. A pass is complete if the ball is caught by another offensive player, usually the wide receiver, tight end, or running back. f the ball hits the ground before someone catches it, it is called an incomplete pass. Time stops if the pass is dropped. If the ball is caught and the player is tackled within the field, the clock continues to run.\n\n**Forth Down**\nThe fourth down is when the offense has used all three downs and has not advanced the ball the required number of yards. If they have not, they have to decide whether to punt (kick) the ball to the defense, go for it, or attempt a field goal.\n\n**Penalties**\n\nThe offense and defense can be penalized for breaking the rules. Penalties are assessed as either a loss of yards (usually 5 or 10 yards) or a loss of a down.\n\nA loss of yards means that the ball is moved back in the direction of the ball carrier or passer for the number of yards specified in the penalty.\n\nA loss of down means that the team that was penalized is not awarded a first down even if they have advanced the ball 10 yards.\n\nA penalty can also be assessed if a player breaks the rules while the ball is not in play.\n\n### Punting\nIn the event that the offense fails to move the ball at least 10 yards within their four downs, they must turn the ball over to the defense. The offense can choose to punt the ball, surrendering possession but pinning the defense as close to their own end zone as possible.\n\n### End of Possession\n\nWhen the play ends the offense has to give the ball up to the defense. It is turned over to them one of two ways.\n\n**Punt**\nWhen the offense has failed to gain 10 yards or score in four downs they punt (kick) the ball to the defense.\n\n**Downs**\nWhen the offense has gained the required 10 yards in four downs they are given another set of four downs.\n\n**Touchdown**\nWhen the offense has advanced the ball into the end zone or caught a pass or fumble in the end zone they score a touchdown.\n\n**Turnover on Downs**\nWhen the offense fails to gain the required 10 yards in four downs they must turn the ball over to the defense.\n\n### Formations\n\nOffensive formations are strategies used to gain an advantage over the defense by changing the personnel and positioning of the offense.\n\nBy changing positions and the number of players at each position the offense can take advantage of mismatches with their personnel. The quarterback changes the play before taking his position by the center.\n\nThe basic offensive formation has seven offensive players positioned three in a row on the line of scrimmage and four in a row behind the line.\n\n### SCORING\n\nThe object of the game is to score the most points.\n\n**Touchdown = 6 Points**\n\nTo score a touchdown, the ball must be carried across the goal line into the end zone, caught in the end zone, or a fumble recovered in the end zone, or an untouched kickoff recovered in the end zone by the kicking team. When a touchdown is scored the offense can then decide to add points to their score with either of these:\nExtra Point Kick = 1 Point\nTwo Point Conversion = 2 Points\n\n**Field Goal = 3 Points**\n\nIf the offense cannot score a touchdown they may choose to kick a field goal through the goalposts at the back of the end zone. For a field goal to be scored the field goal kicker must kick the ball through the goal-post uprights and over the crossbar. The defense tries to block the kick and stop the ball from reaching the goalpost.\n\nTeams most often go for a field goal when the kick is under 60 yards from the goal post (because it may be missed otherwise) and when it is forth down).\n\n**Safety = 2 POINTS**\nA safety is worth two points iscored by the defense when the offensive ball carrier is tackled in their own goal line.\n\n### TURNOVERS\n\nThe defense goal is to stop the offense by stopping them within four downs or a turnover. A turnover happens when the offense loses the ball to the defense in one of two ways.\n\n**Fumble**\nWhen an offensive player who is carrying the ball drops the ball before they are considered tackled it is a fumble. Any player on the field can recover the ball when it is fumbled, which includes the offense. The team that recovers a fumble either gets or retains possession of the ball.\n\n**Interception**\nThe defense can also catch the ball from the offense by intercepting a pass meant for an offensive player.\n\nSource: NFL.com", "2058712": "this is different from the one in Qatar 😳", "2060184": "I was very happy with this creativity. We can cooperate together to achieve the greatest benefit", "2061413": "I wonder why this is called football as the game is mostly played with hands and less with legs. Any thoughts on this @thedevastator, @nyleve, @mr0106?", "2146445": "you can see in the rule: There is a Kicker in the match and they always end with a kick, maybe that's the reason." }, "source": "meta" }