\"Every massive object that accelerates produces gravitational waves. the masses and accelerations of objects on Earth are far too small to make gravitational waves big enough to detect with our instruments. To find big enough gravitational waves, we have to look far outside of our own solar system.\"
\n\"LIGO scientists have defined four categories of gravitational waves based on what generates them: Continuous, Compact Binary Inspiral, Stochastic, and Burst. Each category of objects generates a unique or characteristic set of signal that LIGO's interferometers can sense, and that researchers can look for in LIGO’s data. \"
\n\"The gravitational waves that LIGO detects are caused by some of the most energetic events in the Universe—colliding black holes, merging neutron stars, exploding stars, and possibly even the birth of the Universe itself. Detecting and analyzing the information carried by gravitational waves is allowing us to observe the Universe in a way never before possible.\"
\nCONTINUOUS GRAVITATIONAL WAVES
\n\"Continuous gravitational waves are thought to be produced by a single spinning massive object like a neutron star. Any bumps on or imperfections in the spherical shape of this star will generate gravitational waves as it spins. If the spin-rate of the star stays constant, so too are the gravitational waves it emits. That is, the gravitational wave is continuously the same frequency and amplitude (like a singer holding a single note). That's why these are called “Continuous Gravitational Waves”. \"
\nCOMPACT BINARY INSPIRAL GRAVITATIONAL WAVES
\n\"The next class of gravitational waves LIGO is hunting for is Compact Binary Inspiral gravitational waves. So far, all of the objects LIGO has detected fall into this category. Compact binary inspiral gravitational waves are produced by orbiting pairs of massive and dense (\"compact\") objects like white dwarf stars, black holes, and neutron stars. There are three subclasses of \"compact binary\" systems in this category of gravitational-wave generators:\"
\n\"Binary Neutron Star (BNS);; Binary Black Hole (BBH);; Neutron Star-Black Hole Binary (NSBH).\"
\n\"Each binary pair creates a unique pattern of gravitational waves, but the mechanism of wave-generation is the same across all three. It is called \"inspiral\".
\n\"Inspiral occurs over millions of years as pairs of dense compact objects revolve around each other. As they orbit, they emit gravitational waves that carry away some of the system's orbital energy. As a result, over eons, the objects orbit closer and closer together. Unfortunately, moving closer causes them to orbit each other faster, which causes them to emit stronger gravitational waves, which causes them to lose more orbital energy, inch ever closer, orbit faster, lose more energy, move closer, orbit faster… etc. The objects are doomed, inescapably locked in a runaway accelerating spiraling embrace.\"
\nSTOCHASTIC GRAVITATIONAL WAVES
\n\"Astronomers predict that there are so few significant sources of continuous or binary inspiral gravitational waves in the Universe that LIGO doesn't worry about the possibility of more than one passing by Earth at the same time (producing confusing signals in the detectors). However, we do presume that many small gravitational waves are passing by from all over the Universe all the time, and that they are mixed together at random. These small waves from every direction make up what is called a “Stochastic Signal”, so called because the word, 'stochastic' means having a random pattern that may be analyzed statistically but not predicted precisely. These will be the smallest and most difficult gravitational waves to detect, but it is possible that at least part of this stochastic signal may originate from the Big Bang. Detecting relic gravitational waves from the Big Bang will allow us to see farther back into the history of the Universe than ever before.\"
\nBURST GRAVITATIONAL WAVES
\n\"The search for 'burst gravitational waves' is truly a search for the unexpected—both because LIGO has yet to detect them, and because there are still so many unknowns that we really don’t know what to expect! For example, sometimes we don’t know enough about the physics of a system to predict how gravitational waves from that source will appear.
\nWe also expect to detect gravitational waves from systems we never knew about before. To search for these kinds of gravitational waves, we cannot assume that they will have well-defined properties like those of continuous and compact binary inspiral waves. This means we cannot restrict our analyses to searching only for the signatures of gravitational waves that scientists have predicted.
\nSearching for burst gravitational waves requires being utterly open-minded. For these kinds of gravitational waves, scientists must recognize a pattern of signals even when such a pattern has not been modeled (what we think a signal may look like) before. If you don’t know what you’re looking for, it’s really hard to find it. While this makes searching for burst gravitational waves difficult, detecting them has the greatest potential to reveal revolutionary information about the Universe.\"
\nhttps://www.ligo.caltech.edu/page/gw-sources
", "messages": [ { "id": "1371363", "postDate": "06/30/2021 23:30:20", "content": "\"Every massive object that accelerates produces gravitational waves. the masses and accelerations of objects on Earth are far too small to make gravitational waves big enough to detect with our instruments. To find big enough gravitational waves, we have to look far outside of our own solar system.\"
\n\"LIGO scientists have defined four categories of gravitational waves based on what generates them: Continuous, Compact Binary Inspiral, Stochastic, and Burst. Each category of objects generates a unique or characteristic set of signal that LIGO's interferometers can sense, and that researchers can look for in LIGO’s data. \"
\n\"The gravitational waves that LIGO detects are caused by some of the most energetic events in the Universe—colliding black holes, merging neutron stars, exploding stars, and possibly even the birth of the Universe itself. Detecting and analyzing the information carried by gravitational waves is allowing us to observe the Universe in a way never before possible.\"
\nCONTINUOUS GRAVITATIONAL WAVES
\n\"Continuous gravitational waves are thought to be produced by a single spinning massive object like a neutron star. Any bumps on or imperfections in the spherical shape of this star will generate gravitational waves as it spins. If the spin-rate of the star stays constant, so too are the gravitational waves it emits. That is, the gravitational wave is continuously the same frequency and amplitude (like a singer holding a single note). That's why these are called “Continuous Gravitational Waves”. \"
\nCOMPACT BINARY INSPIRAL GRAVITATIONAL WAVES
\n\"The next class of gravitational waves LIGO is hunting for is Compact Binary Inspiral gravitational waves. So far, all of the objects LIGO has detected fall into this category. Compact binary inspiral gravitational waves are produced by orbiting pairs of massive and dense (\"compact\") objects like white dwarf stars, black holes, and neutron stars. There are three subclasses of \"compact binary\" systems in this category of gravitational-wave generators:\"
\n\"Binary Neutron Star (BNS);; Binary Black Hole (BBH);; Neutron Star-Black Hole Binary (NSBH).\"
\n\"Each binary pair creates a unique pattern of gravitational waves, but the mechanism of wave-generation is the same across all three. It is called \"inspiral\".
\n\"Inspiral occurs over millions of years as pairs of dense compact objects revolve around each other. As they orbit, they emit gravitational waves that carry away some of the system's orbital energy. As a result, over eons, the objects orbit closer and closer together. Unfortunately, moving closer causes them to orbit each other faster, which causes them to emit stronger gravitational waves, which causes them to lose more orbital energy, inch ever closer, orbit faster, lose more energy, move closer, orbit faster… etc. The objects are doomed, inescapably locked in a runaway accelerating spiraling embrace.\"
\nSTOCHASTIC GRAVITATIONAL WAVES
\n\"Astronomers predict that there are so few significant sources of continuous or binary inspiral gravitational waves in the Universe that LIGO doesn't worry about the possibility of more than one passing by Earth at the same time (producing confusing signals in the detectors). However, we do presume that many small gravitational waves are passing by from all over the Universe all the time, and that they are mixed together at random. These small waves from every direction make up what is called a “Stochastic Signal”, so called because the word, 'stochastic' means having a random pattern that may be analyzed statistically but not predicted precisely. These will be the smallest and most difficult gravitational waves to detect, but it is possible that at least part of this stochastic signal may originate from the Big Bang. Detecting relic gravitational waves from the Big Bang will allow us to see farther back into the history of the Universe than ever before.\"
\nBURST GRAVITATIONAL WAVES
\n\"The search for 'burst gravitational waves' is truly a search for the unexpected—both because LIGO has yet to detect them, and because there are still so many unknowns that we really don’t know what to expect! For example, sometimes we don’t know enough about the physics of a system to predict how gravitational waves from that source will appear.
\nWe also expect to detect gravitational waves from systems we never knew about before. To search for these kinds of gravitational waves, we cannot assume that they will have well-defined properties like those of continuous and compact binary inspiral waves. This means we cannot restrict our analyses to searching only for the signatures of gravitational waves that scientists have predicted.
\nSearching for burst gravitational waves requires being utterly open-minded. For these kinds of gravitational waves, scientists must recognize a pattern of signals even when such a pattern has not been modeled (what we think a signal may look like) before. If you don’t know what you’re looking for, it’s really hard to find it. While this makes searching for burst gravitational waves difficult, detecting them has the greatest potential to reveal revolutionary information about the Universe.\"
\nhttps://www.ligo.caltech.edu/page/gw-sources
", "rawMarkdown": "\"Every massive object that accelerates produces gravitational waves. the masses and accelerations of objects on Earth are far too small to make gravitational waves big enough to detect with our instruments. To find big enough gravitational waves, we have to look far outside of our own solar system.\"\n\n\"LIGO scientists have defined four categories of gravitational waves based on what generates them: Continuous, Compact Binary Inspiral, Stochastic, and Burst. Each category of objects generates a unique or characteristic set of signal that LIGO's interferometers can sense, and that researchers can look for in LIGO’s data. \"\n\n\"The gravitational waves that LIGO detects are caused by some of the most energetic events in the Universe—colliding black holes, merging neutron stars, exploding stars, and possibly even the birth of the Universe itself. Detecting and analyzing the information carried by gravitational waves is allowing us to observe the Universe in a way never before possible.\"\n\nCONTINUOUS GRAVITATIONAL WAVES\n\n\"Continuous gravitational waves are thought to be produced by a single spinning massive object like a neutron star. Any bumps on or imperfections in the spherical shape of this star will generate gravitational waves as it spins. If the spin-rate of the star stays constant, so too are the gravitational waves it emits. That is, the gravitational wave is continuously the same frequency and amplitude (like a singer holding a single note). That's why these are called “Continuous Gravitational Waves”. \"\n\nCOMPACT BINARY INSPIRAL GRAVITATIONAL WAVES\n\n\"The next class of gravitational waves LIGO is hunting for is Compact Binary Inspiral gravitational waves. So far, all of the objects LIGO has detected fall into this category. Compact binary inspiral gravitational waves are produced by orbiting pairs of massive and dense (\"compact\") objects like white dwarf stars, black holes, and neutron stars. There are three subclasses of \"compact binary\" systems in this category of gravitational-wave generators:\"\n\n\"Binary Neutron Star (BNS);; Binary Black Hole (BBH);; Neutron Star-Black Hole Binary (NSBH).\"\n\n\"Each binary pair creates a unique pattern of gravitational waves, but the mechanism of wave-generation is the same across all three. It is called \"inspiral\".\n\n\"Inspiral occurs over millions of years as pairs of dense compact objects revolve around each other. As they orbit, they emit gravitational waves that carry away some of the system's orbital energy. As a result, over eons, the objects orbit closer and closer together. Unfortunately, moving closer causes them to orbit each other faster, which causes them to emit stronger gravitational waves, which causes them to lose more orbital energy, inch ever closer, orbit faster, lose more energy, move closer, orbit faster... etc. The objects are doomed, inescapably locked in a runaway accelerating spiraling embrace.\"\n\nSTOCHASTIC GRAVITATIONAL WAVES\n\n\"Astronomers predict that there are so few significant sources of continuous or binary inspiral gravitational waves in the Universe that LIGO doesn't worry about the possibility of more than one passing by Earth at the same time (producing confusing signals in the detectors). However, we do presume that many small gravitational waves are passing by from all over the Universe all the time, and that they are mixed together at random. These small waves from every direction make up what is called a “Stochastic Signal”, so called because the word, 'stochastic' means having a random pattern that may be analyzed statistically but not predicted precisely. These will be the smallest and most difficult gravitational waves to detect, but it is possible that at least part of this stochastic signal may originate from the Big Bang. Detecting relic gravitational waves from the Big Bang will allow us to see farther back into the history of the Universe than ever before.\"\n\nBURST GRAVITATIONAL WAVES\n\n\"The search for 'burst gravitational waves' is truly a search for the unexpected—both because LIGO has yet to detect them, and because there are still so many unknowns that we really don’t know what to expect! For example, sometimes we don’t know enough about the physics of a system to predict how gravitational waves from that source will appear. \n\nWe also expect to detect gravitational waves from systems we never knew about before. To search for these kinds of gravitational waves, we cannot assume that they will have well-defined properties like those of continuous and compact binary inspiral waves. This means we cannot restrict our analyses to searching only for the signatures of gravitational waves that scientists have predicted.\n\nSearching for burst gravitational waves requires being utterly open-minded. For these kinds of gravitational waves, scientists must recognize a pattern of signals even when such a pattern has not been modeled (what we think a signal may look like) before. If you don’t know what you’re looking for, it’s really hard to find it. While this makes searching for burst gravitational waves difficult, detecting them has the greatest potential to reveal revolutionary information about the Universe.\"\n\nhttps://www.ligo.caltech.edu/page/gw-sources", "votes": null }, { "id": "1372264", "postDate": "07/01/2021 14:53:27", "content": "Nice read and well written.
", "rawMarkdown": "Nice read and well written.", "votes": null }, { "id": "1372704", "postDate": "07/01/2021 23:55:50", "content": "Thank you Torch. Beyond the files (a lot in this Dataset, more than in the Milk Way 😄 ) that subject is not well-know by everyone.
\nThe most fascinating part of DS is learning about different things and try to understand how to work with them. That's the real challenge of any Data Scientist.
And the source it's Caltech. They rule. I just edited the sound of the waves. Just reading documents we learn so much. Even for a non-data kaggler like me.
", "rawMarkdown": "Thank you Torch. Beyond the files (a lot in this Dataset, more than in the Milk Way 😄 ) that subject is not well-know by everyone. \nThe most fascinating part of DS is learning about different things and try to understand how to work with them. That's the real challenge of any Data Scientist. \n\nAnd the source it's Caltech. They rule. I just edited the sound of the waves. Just reading documents we learn so much. Even for a non-data kaggler like me.", "votes": null }, { "id": "1372844", "postDate": "07/02/2021 04:49:36", "content": "This is a great first discussion to read. Informative to someone who is new to Gravitational Wave. Thanks @mpwolke
", "rawMarkdown": "This is a great first discussion to read. Informative to someone who is new to Gravitational Wave. Thanks @mpwolke", "votes": null }, { "id": "1373574", "postDate": "07/02/2021 15:34:17", "content": "Since many Kagglers are still students (no degree yet), probably most part of the community is very \"Green\" to that subject. Including myself. I started to learn GWs here.
", "rawMarkdown": "Since many Kagglers are still students (no degree yet), probably most part of the community is very \"Green\" to that subject. Including myself. I started to learn GWs here.", "votes": null }, { "id": "1563249", "postDate": "10/28/2021 06:51:30", "content": "Hey,
\nThank you all for taking part in our competition. The participation has been overwhelmingly positive. We are currently conducting a survey to gauge the demographic and outreach achieved. Kindly spare 2min and fill in this survey https://forms.gle/QP9L16niPexozyhu5.
\nThank you all,
\nRegards,
\nChris
Nice read and well written.
", "votes": null, "replies": [ { "id": 1372704, "author_name": "mpwolke", "author_url": "", "post_date": "07/01/2021 23:55:50", "content": "Thank you Torch. Beyond the files (a lot in this Dataset, more than in the Milk Way 😄 ) that subject is not well-know by everyone.
\nThe most fascinating part of DS is learning about different things and try to understand how to work with them. That's the real challenge of any Data Scientist.
And the source it's Caltech. They rule. I just edited the sound of the waves. Just reading documents we learn so much. Even for a non-data kaggler like me.
", "votes": null, "replies": [] } ] }, { "id": 1372844, "author_name": "shaz13", "author_url": "", "post_date": "07/02/2021 04:49:36", "content": "This is a great first discussion to read. Informative to someone who is new to Gravitational Wave. Thanks @mpwolke
", "votes": null, "replies": [ { "id": 1373574, "author_name": "mpwolke", "author_url": "", "post_date": "07/02/2021 15:34:17", "content": "Since many Kagglers are still students (no degree yet), probably most part of the community is very \"Green\" to that subject. Including myself. I started to learn GWs here.
", "votes": null, "replies": [] } ] }, { "id": 1563249, "author_name": "zerafachris", "author_url": "", "post_date": "10/28/2021 06:51:30", "content": "Hey,
\nThank you all for taking part in our competition. The participation has been overwhelmingly positive. We are currently conducting a survey to gauge the demographic and outreach achieved. Kindly spare 2min and fill in this survey https://forms.gle/QP9L16niPexozyhu5.
\nThank you all,
\nRegards,
\nChris