{
  "id": 121223,
  "title": "State of the Art. Deepfake Detection references.",
  "url": "/competitions/deepfake-detection-challenge/discussion/121223",
  "author_name": "",
  "post_date": "2019-12-11T22:55:28.214063Z",
  "votes": 144,
  "comment_count": 19,
  "views": 0,
  "content": "<p>![](<a href=\"https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-PftWHyGUM34/XLNDDUmV4BI/AAAAAAAAkZ0/JLCDFlPFlbwQ5zH9aT6oibfwTTlDBDVrwCLcBGAs/s1600/Obama%2Bdeepfake.gif\">https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-PftWHyGUM34/XLNDDUmV4BI/AAAAAAAAkZ0/JLCDFlPFlbwQ5zH9aT6oibfwTTlDBDVrwCLcBGAs/s1600/Obama%2Bdeepfake.gif</a> =500x*)</p>\n\n<p>![](<a href=\"https://media.licdn.com/dms/image/C4E22AQGAD4zs_dZBdQ/feedshare-shrink_800/0?e=1579132800&amp;v=beta&amp;t=ohv5cKzWzS_Bj-q68ib0vRODjqnb9Xi422vQvlcgUcw\">https://media.licdn.com/dms/image/C4E22AQGAD4zs_dZBdQ/feedshare-shrink_800/0?e=1579132800&amp;v=beta&amp;t=ohv5cKzWzS_Bj-q68ib0vRODjqnb9Xi422vQvlcgUcw</a> =400x*)</p>\n\n<p><strong>Official website:</strong> <a href=\"https://deepfakedetectionchallenge.ai/\">https://deepfakedetectionchallenge.ai/</a>\nIf you want to learn more about DeepFake and GANs check the kernel: <strong><a href=\"https://www.kaggle.com/jesucristo/gan-introduction\">GAN Introduction</a></strong> is great!</p>\n\n<hr>\n\n<ul>\n<li><p>(ICCV 2019) <strong>FSGAN: Subject Agnostic Face Swapping and Reenactment</strong>: We present Face Swapping GAN (FSGAN) for face swapping and reenactment. Unlike previous work, FSGAN is\nsubject agnostic and can be applied to pairs of faces without requiring training on those faces. To this end, we describe a number of technical contributions. We derive a novel recurrent neural network (RNN)–based approach for face reenactment which adjusts for both pose and expression variations and can be applied to a single image or a video sequence. For video sequences, we introduce continuous interpolation of the face views based on reenactment, Delaunay Triangulation, and barycentric coordinates. Occluded face regions are handled by a face completion network. Finally, we use a face blending network for seamless blending of the two faces while preserving target skin color and lighting conditions. This network uses a novel Poisson blending loss which combines Poisson optimization with perceptual loss. We compare our approach to existing state-of-the-art systems and show our results to be both qualitatively and quantitatively superior. <a href=\"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1908.05932.pdf\">paper</a>\n<img src=\"https://i.blogs.es/b2996b/ejemplo_fsganjpg/450_1000.jpg\" alt=\"\"></p></li>\n<li><p>(ICCV 2019) <strong>Deepfake Video Detection through Optical Flow based CNN</strong>: Recent advances in visual media technology have led to new tools for processing and, above all, generating multimedia contents. In particular, modern AI-based technologies have provided easy-to-use tools to create extremely realistic manipulated videos. Such synthetic videos, named Deep Fakes, may constitute a serious threat to attack the reputation of public subjects or to address the general opinion on a certain event. According to this, being able to individuate this kind of fake information becomes fundamental. In this work, a new forensic technique able to discern between fake and original video sequences is given; unlike other state-of-the-art methods which resorts at single video frames, we propose the adoption of optical flow fields to exploit possible inter-frame dissimilarities. Such a clue is then used as feature to be learned by CNN classifiers. Preliminary results obtained on FaceForensics++ dataset highlight very promising performances. <a href=\"http://openaccess.thecvf.com/content_ICCVW_2019/html/HBU/Amerini_Deepfake_Video_Detection_through_Optical_Flow_Based_CNN_ICCVW_2019_paper.html\">paper</a></p></li>\n<li><p>(Sept 2019) <strong>Celeb-DF: A New Dataset for DeepFake Forensics</strong>: AI-synthesized face swapping videos, commonly known as the DeepFakes, have become an emerging problem recently. Correspondingly, there is an increasing interest in developing algorithms that can detect them. However, existing dataset of DeepFake videos suffer from low visual quality and abundant artifacts that do not reflect the reality of DeepFake videos circulated on the Internet. In this work, we present a new DeepFake dataset, Celeb-DF, for the development and evaluation of DeepFake detection algorithms. The Celeb-DF dataset is generated using a refined synthesis algorithm that reduces the visual artifacts observed in existing datasets. Based on the Celeb-DF dataset, we also benchmark existing DeepFake detection algorithms. |(Yuezun Li, Xin Yang, Pu Sun, Honggang Qi, Siwei Lyu)| <a href=\"https://arxiv.org/abs/1909.12962\">paper</a></p></li>\n</ul>\n\n<p>![](<a href=\"http://www.cs.albany.edu/~lsw/src/basic_info.png\">http://www.cs.albany.edu/~lsw/src/basic_info.png</a> =600x*)</p>\n\n<ul>\n<li>(26-Aug-2019) <strong>FaceForensics++: Learning to Detect Manipulated Facial Images</strong>: FaceForensics++ is a dataset of facial forgeries that enables researchers to train deep-learning-based approaches in a supervised fashion. The dataset contains manipulations created with four state-of-the-art methods, namely, Face2Face, FaceSwap, DeepFakes, and NeuralTextures.\" | Andreas Rossler, Davide Cozzolino, Luisa Verdoliva, Christian Riess, Justus Thies, Matthias Nießner | <a href=\"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1901.08971.pdf\">paper</a> <a href=\"http://kaldir.vc.in.tum.de/faceforensics_benchmark/\">benchmarks</a> <a href=\"https://github.com/ondyari/FaceForensics/\">github</a></li>\n</ul>\n\n<p><img src=\"https://github.com/ondyari/FaceForensics/raw/master/images/teaser.png\" alt=\"\"></p>\n\n<ul>\n<li><p><strong>Multi-task Learning For Detecting and Segmenting Manipulated Facial Images and Videos</strong>:\nDetecting manipulated images and videos is an important topic in digital media forensics. Most detection methods use binary classification to determine the probability of a query being manipulated. Another important topic is locating manipulated regions (i.e., performing segmentation), which are mostly created by three commonly used attacks: removal, copy-move, and splicing. We have designed a convolutional neural network that uses the multi-task learning approach to simultaneously detect manipulated images and videos and locate the manipulated regions for each query. Information gained by performing one task is shared with the other task and thereby enhance the performance of both tasks. A semi-supervised learning approach is used to improve the network's generability. The network includes an encoder and a Y-shaped decoder. Activation of the encoded features is used for the binary classification. The output of one branch of the decoder is used for segmenting the manipulated regions while that of the other branch is used for reconstructing the input, which helps improve overall performance. Experiments using the FaceForensics and FaceForensics++ databases demonstrated the network's effectiveness against facial reenactment attacks and face swapping attacks as well as its ability to deal with the mismatch condition for previously seen attacks. Moreover, fine-tuning using just a small amount of data enables the network to deal with unseen attacks. |Huy H. Nguyen, Fuming Fang, Junichi Yamagishi, Isao Echizen| <a href=\"https://arxiv.org/abs/1906.06876\">paper</a></p></li>\n<li><p>(9-Aug-2019) <strong>FakeCatcher: Detection of Synthetic Portrait Videos using Biological Signals</strong>: \"We extract biological signals from facial regions on authentic and fake portrait video pairs. We apply transformations to compute the spatial coherence and temporal consistency, capture the signal characteristics in feature sets and PPG maps, and train a probabilistic SVM and a CNN. Then, we aggregate authenticity probabilities to decide whether the video is fake or authentic.\" | Umur Aybars Ciftci, Ilke Demir, Lijun Yin (Binghampton) | <a href=\"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1901.02212.pdf\">paper</a></p></li>\n<li><p>(CVPR 2019) <strong>Exposing DeepFake Videos By Detecting Face Warping Artifacts</strong>: \nDeepFake algorithm can only generate images of limited resolutions, which need to be further warped to match the original faces in the source video. Such transforms leave distinctive artifacts in the resulting DeepFake videos, and we show that they can be effectively captured by convolutional neural networks (CNNs).\" | Yuezun Li, Siwei Lyu (University at Albany) | <a href=\"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1811.00656.pdf\">paper</a></p></li>\n<li><p><strong>MesoNet: a Compact Facial Video Forgery Detection Network</strong>\nThis paper presents a method to automatically and efficiently detect face tampering in videos, and particularly focuses on two recent techniques used to generate hyper-realistic forged videos: Deepfake and Face2Face. Traditional image forensics techniques are usually not well suited to videos due to the compression that strongly degrades the data. Thus, this paper follows a deep learning approach and presents two networks, both with a low number of layers to focus on the mesoscopic properties of images. We evaluate those fast networks on both an existing dataset and a dataset we have constituted from online videos. The tests demonstrate a very successful detection rate with more than 98% for Deepfake and 95% for Face2Face. |\nDarius Afchar, Vincent Nozick, Junichi Yamagishi, Isao Echizen| <a href=\"https://arxiv.org/abs/1809.00888\">paper</a></p></li>\n<li><p>(2018) <strong>EXPOSING DEEP FAKES USING INCONSISTENT HEAD POSES</strong> | \"Our method is based on the observations that Deep Fakes are created by splicing synthesized face region into the original image, and in doing so, introducing errors that can be revealed when 3D head poses are estimated from the face images. We perform experiments to demonstrate this phenomenon and further develop a classification method based on this cue. Using features based on this cue, an SVM classifier is evaluated using a set of real face images and Deep Fakes.\" | Xin Yang, Yuezun Li and Siwei Lyu (NYU) | <a href=\"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1811.00661\">paper</a> | </p></li>\n<li><p>(2018) <strong>CAPSULE-FORENSICS: USING CAPSULE NETWORKS TO DETECT FORGED IMAGES AND VIDEOS</strong>: \"The method introduced in this paper uses a capsule network to detect various kinds of spoofs, from replay attacks using printed images or recorded videos to computergenerated videos using deep convolutional neural networks.\" | Huy H. Nguyen , Junichi Yamagishi, and Isao Echizen (National Institute of Informatics, Tokyo, Japan and The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK ) | <a href=\"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1810.11215.pdf\">paper</a></p></li>\n<li><p>(2018) <strong>Forensics Face Detection From GANs Using Convolutional Neural Network</strong> | \"We use GANs to create fake faces with multiple resolutions and sizes to help data augments. Moreover, we apply a deep face recognition system to transfer weight to our system for robust face feature extraction\" | Tai Do Nhu, In Seop Na, S.H. Kim |<a href=\"https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Tai_Do_Nhu/publication/327905310_Forensics_Face_Detection_From_GANs_Using_Convolutional_Neural_Network/links/5bac84e7a6fdccd3cb768b1c/Forensics-Face-Detection-From-GANs-Using-Convolutional-Neural-Network.pdf\">paper</a></p></li>\n<li><p>(2018) <strong>Detection of Deepfake Video Manipulation</strong>: \"Photo response non uniformity (PRNU) analysis is tested for its effectiveness at detecting Deepfake video manipulation. The PRNU analysis shows a significant difference in mean normalised cross correlation scores between authentic videos and Deepfakes.\" | Marissa Koopman, Andrea Macarulla Rodriguez, Zeno Geradts (University of Amsterdam &amp; Netherlands Forensic Institute) | <a href=\"https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Zeno_Geradts/publication/329814168_Detection_of_Deepfake_Video_Manipulation/links/5c1bdf7da6fdccfc705da03e/Detection-of-Deepfake-Video-Manipulation.pdf\">paper</a></p></li>\n<li><p>(2018) <strong>Deepfake Video Detection Using Recurrent Neural Networks</strong>:  This paper proposes a temporal-aware pipeline to automatically detect deepfake videos. Our system uses a convolutional neural network (CNN) to extract frame-level features. These features are then used to train a recurrent neural network (RNN) that learns to classify if a video has been subject to manipulation or not. | D Güera, EJ Delp (Purdue) | <a href=\"https://engineering.purdue.edu/~dgueraco/content/deepfake.pdf\">paper</a> </p></li>\n</ul>\n\n<hr>\n\n<p><strong>I hope it helps you.</strong>\n<code>I'll keep updating (I have to add more papers from ICCV '19)</code></p>",
  "messages": [
    {
      "id": "692967",
      "postDate": "12/11/2019 22:55:28",
      "content": "<p>![](<a href=\"https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-PftWHyGUM34/XLNDDUmV4BI/AAAAAAAAkZ0/JLCDFlPFlbwQ5zH9aT6oibfwTTlDBDVrwCLcBGAs/s1600/Obama%2Bdeepfake.gif\">https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-PftWHyGUM34/XLNDDUmV4BI/AAAAAAAAkZ0/JLCDFlPFlbwQ5zH9aT6oibfwTTlDBDVrwCLcBGAs/s1600/Obama%2Bdeepfake.gif</a> =500x*)</p>\n\n<p>![](<a href=\"https://media.licdn.com/dms/image/C4E22AQGAD4zs_dZBdQ/feedshare-shrink_800/0?e=1579132800&amp;v=beta&amp;t=ohv5cKzWzS_Bj-q68ib0vRODjqnb9Xi422vQvlcgUcw\">https://media.licdn.com/dms/image/C4E22AQGAD4zs_dZBdQ/feedshare-shrink_800/0?e=1579132800&amp;v=beta&amp;t=ohv5cKzWzS_Bj-q68ib0vRODjqnb9Xi422vQvlcgUcw</a> =400x*)</p>\n\n<p><strong>Official website:</strong> <a href=\"https://deepfakedetectionchallenge.ai/\">https://deepfakedetectionchallenge.ai/</a>\nIf you want to learn more about DeepFake and GANs check the kernel: <strong><a href=\"https://www.kaggle.com/jesucristo/gan-introduction\">GAN Introduction</a></strong> is great!</p>\n\n<hr>\n\n<ul>\n<li><p>(ICCV 2019) <strong>FSGAN: Subject Agnostic Face Swapping and Reenactment</strong>: We present Face Swapping GAN (FSGAN) for face swapping and reenactment. Unlike previous work, FSGAN is\nsubject agnostic and can be applied to pairs of faces without requiring training on those faces. To this end, we describe a number of technical contributions. We derive a novel recurrent neural network (RNN)–based approach for face reenactment which adjusts for both pose and expression variations and can be applied to a single image or a video sequence. For video sequences, we introduce continuous interpolation of the face views based on reenactment, Delaunay Triangulation, and barycentric coordinates. Occluded face regions are handled by a face completion network. Finally, we use a face blending network for seamless blending of the two faces while preserving target skin color and lighting conditions. This network uses a novel Poisson blending loss which combines Poisson optimization with perceptual loss. We compare our approach to existing state-of-the-art systems and show our results to be both qualitatively and quantitatively superior. <a href=\"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1908.05932.pdf\">paper</a>\n<img src=\"https://i.blogs.es/b2996b/ejemplo_fsganjpg/450_1000.jpg\" alt=\"\"></p></li>\n<li><p>(ICCV 2019) <strong>Deepfake Video Detection through Optical Flow based CNN</strong>: Recent advances in visual media technology have led to new tools for processing and, above all, generating multimedia contents. In particular, modern AI-based technologies have provided easy-to-use tools to create extremely realistic manipulated videos. Such synthetic videos, named Deep Fakes, may constitute a serious threat to attack the reputation of public subjects or to address the general opinion on a certain event. According to this, being able to individuate this kind of fake information becomes fundamental. In this work, a new forensic technique able to discern between fake and original video sequences is given; unlike other state-of-the-art methods which resorts at single video frames, we propose the adoption of optical flow fields to exploit possible inter-frame dissimilarities. Such a clue is then used as feature to be learned by CNN classifiers. Preliminary results obtained on FaceForensics++ dataset highlight very promising performances. <a href=\"http://openaccess.thecvf.com/content_ICCVW_2019/html/HBU/Amerini_Deepfake_Video_Detection_through_Optical_Flow_Based_CNN_ICCVW_2019_paper.html\">paper</a></p></li>\n<li><p>(Sept 2019) <strong>Celeb-DF: A New Dataset for DeepFake Forensics</strong>: AI-synthesized face swapping videos, commonly known as the DeepFakes, have become an emerging problem recently. Correspondingly, there is an increasing interest in developing algorithms that can detect them. However, existing dataset of DeepFake videos suffer from low visual quality and abundant artifacts that do not reflect the reality of DeepFake videos circulated on the Internet. In this work, we present a new DeepFake dataset, Celeb-DF, for the development and evaluation of DeepFake detection algorithms. The Celeb-DF dataset is generated using a refined synthesis algorithm that reduces the visual artifacts observed in existing datasets. Based on the Celeb-DF dataset, we also benchmark existing DeepFake detection algorithms. |(Yuezun Li, Xin Yang, Pu Sun, Honggang Qi, Siwei Lyu)| <a href=\"https://arxiv.org/abs/1909.12962\">paper</a></p></li>\n</ul>\n\n<p>![](<a href=\"http://www.cs.albany.edu/~lsw/src/basic_info.png\">http://www.cs.albany.edu/~lsw/src/basic_info.png</a> =600x*)</p>\n\n<ul>\n<li>(26-Aug-2019) <strong>FaceForensics++: Learning to Detect Manipulated Facial Images</strong>: FaceForensics++ is a dataset of facial forgeries that enables researchers to train deep-learning-based approaches in a supervised fashion. The dataset contains manipulations created with four state-of-the-art methods, namely, Face2Face, FaceSwap, DeepFakes, and NeuralTextures.\" | Andreas Rossler, Davide Cozzolino, Luisa Verdoliva, Christian Riess, Justus Thies, Matthias Nießner | <a href=\"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1901.08971.pdf\">paper</a> <a href=\"http://kaldir.vc.in.tum.de/faceforensics_benchmark/\">benchmarks</a> <a href=\"https://github.com/ondyari/FaceForensics/\">github</a></li>\n</ul>\n\n<p><img src=\"https://github.com/ondyari/FaceForensics/raw/master/images/teaser.png\" alt=\"\"></p>\n\n<ul>\n<li><p><strong>Multi-task Learning For Detecting and Segmenting Manipulated Facial Images and Videos</strong>:\nDetecting manipulated images and videos is an important topic in digital media forensics. Most detection methods use binary classification to determine the probability of a query being manipulated. Another important topic is locating manipulated regions (i.e., performing segmentation), which are mostly created by three commonly used attacks: removal, copy-move, and splicing. We have designed a convolutional neural network that uses the multi-task learning approach to simultaneously detect manipulated images and videos and locate the manipulated regions for each query. Information gained by performing one task is shared with the other task and thereby enhance the performance of both tasks. A semi-supervised learning approach is used to improve the network's generability. The network includes an encoder and a Y-shaped decoder. Activation of the encoded features is used for the binary classification. The output of one branch of the decoder is used for segmenting the manipulated regions while that of the other branch is used for reconstructing the input, which helps improve overall performance. Experiments using the FaceForensics and FaceForensics++ databases demonstrated the network's effectiveness against facial reenactment attacks and face swapping attacks as well as its ability to deal with the mismatch condition for previously seen attacks. Moreover, fine-tuning using just a small amount of data enables the network to deal with unseen attacks. |Huy H. Nguyen, Fuming Fang, Junichi Yamagishi, Isao Echizen| <a href=\"https://arxiv.org/abs/1906.06876\">paper</a></p></li>\n<li><p>(9-Aug-2019) <strong>FakeCatcher: Detection of Synthetic Portrait Videos using Biological Signals</strong>: \"We extract biological signals from facial regions on authentic and fake portrait video pairs. We apply transformations to compute the spatial coherence and temporal consistency, capture the signal characteristics in feature sets and PPG maps, and train a probabilistic SVM and a CNN. Then, we aggregate authenticity probabilities to decide whether the video is fake or authentic.\" | Umur Aybars Ciftci, Ilke Demir, Lijun Yin (Binghampton) | <a href=\"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1901.02212.pdf\">paper</a></p></li>\n<li><p>(CVPR 2019) <strong>Exposing DeepFake Videos By Detecting Face Warping Artifacts</strong>: \nDeepFake algorithm can only generate images of limited resolutions, which need to be further warped to match the original faces in the source video. Such transforms leave distinctive artifacts in the resulting DeepFake videos, and we show that they can be effectively captured by convolutional neural networks (CNNs).\" | Yuezun Li, Siwei Lyu (University at Albany) | <a href=\"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1811.00656.pdf\">paper</a></p></li>\n<li><p><strong>MesoNet: a Compact Facial Video Forgery Detection Network</strong>\nThis paper presents a method to automatically and efficiently detect face tampering in videos, and particularly focuses on two recent techniques used to generate hyper-realistic forged videos: Deepfake and Face2Face. Traditional image forensics techniques are usually not well suited to videos due to the compression that strongly degrades the data. Thus, this paper follows a deep learning approach and presents two networks, both with a low number of layers to focus on the mesoscopic properties of images. We evaluate those fast networks on both an existing dataset and a dataset we have constituted from online videos. The tests demonstrate a very successful detection rate with more than 98% for Deepfake and 95% for Face2Face. |\nDarius Afchar, Vincent Nozick, Junichi Yamagishi, Isao Echizen| <a href=\"https://arxiv.org/abs/1809.00888\">paper</a></p></li>\n<li><p>(2018) <strong>EXPOSING DEEP FAKES USING INCONSISTENT HEAD POSES</strong> | \"Our method is based on the observations that Deep Fakes are created by splicing synthesized face region into the original image, and in doing so, introducing errors that can be revealed when 3D head poses are estimated from the face images. We perform experiments to demonstrate this phenomenon and further develop a classification method based on this cue. Using features based on this cue, an SVM classifier is evaluated using a set of real face images and Deep Fakes.\" | Xin Yang, Yuezun Li and Siwei Lyu (NYU) | <a href=\"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1811.00661\">paper</a> | </p></li>\n<li><p>(2018) <strong>CAPSULE-FORENSICS: USING CAPSULE NETWORKS TO DETECT FORGED IMAGES AND VIDEOS</strong>: \"The method introduced in this paper uses a capsule network to detect various kinds of spoofs, from replay attacks using printed images or recorded videos to computergenerated videos using deep convolutional neural networks.\" | Huy H. Nguyen , Junichi Yamagishi, and Isao Echizen (National Institute of Informatics, Tokyo, Japan and The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK ) | <a href=\"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1810.11215.pdf\">paper</a></p></li>\n<li><p>(2018) <strong>Forensics Face Detection From GANs Using Convolutional Neural Network</strong> | \"We use GANs to create fake faces with multiple resolutions and sizes to help data augments. Moreover, we apply a deep face recognition system to transfer weight to our system for robust face feature extraction\" | Tai Do Nhu, In Seop Na, S.H. Kim |<a href=\"https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Tai_Do_Nhu/publication/327905310_Forensics_Face_Detection_From_GANs_Using_Convolutional_Neural_Network/links/5bac84e7a6fdccd3cb768b1c/Forensics-Face-Detection-From-GANs-Using-Convolutional-Neural-Network.pdf\">paper</a></p></li>\n<li><p>(2018) <strong>Detection of Deepfake Video Manipulation</strong>: \"Photo response non uniformity (PRNU) analysis is tested for its effectiveness at detecting Deepfake video manipulation. The PRNU analysis shows a significant difference in mean normalised cross correlation scores between authentic videos and Deepfakes.\" | Marissa Koopman, Andrea Macarulla Rodriguez, Zeno Geradts (University of Amsterdam &amp; Netherlands Forensic Institute) | <a href=\"https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Zeno_Geradts/publication/329814168_Detection_of_Deepfake_Video_Manipulation/links/5c1bdf7da6fdccfc705da03e/Detection-of-Deepfake-Video-Manipulation.pdf\">paper</a></p></li>\n<li><p>(2018) <strong>Deepfake Video Detection Using Recurrent Neural Networks</strong>:  This paper proposes a temporal-aware pipeline to automatically detect deepfake videos. Our system uses a convolutional neural network (CNN) to extract frame-level features. These features are then used to train a recurrent neural network (RNN) that learns to classify if a video has been subject to manipulation or not. | D Güera, EJ Delp (Purdue) | <a href=\"https://engineering.purdue.edu/~dgueraco/content/deepfake.pdf\">paper</a> </p></li>\n</ul>\n\n<hr>\n\n<p><strong>I hope it helps you.</strong>\n<code>I'll keep updating (I have to add more papers from ICCV '19)</code></p>",
      "rawMarkdown": "![](https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-PftWHyGUM34/XLNDDUmV4BI/AAAAAAAAkZ0/JLCDFlPFlbwQ5zH9aT6oibfwTTlDBDVrwCLcBGAs/s1600/Obama%2Bdeepfake.gif =500x*)\n\n![](https://media.licdn.com/dms/image/C4E22AQGAD4zs_dZBdQ/feedshare-shrink_800/0?e=1579132800&amp;v=beta&amp;t=ohv5cKzWzS_Bj-q68ib0vRODjqnb9Xi422vQvlcgUcw =400x*)\n\n**Official website:** https://deepfakedetectionchallenge.ai/\nIf you want to learn more about DeepFake and GANs check the kernel: **[GAN Introduction](https://www.kaggle.com/jesucristo/gan-introduction)** is great!\n\n----\n\n- (ICCV 2019) **FSGAN: Subject Agnostic Face Swapping and Reenactment**: We present Face Swapping GAN (FSGAN) for face swapping and reenactment. Unlike previous work, FSGAN is\nsubject agnostic and can be applied to pairs of faces without requiring training on those faces. To this end, we describe a number of technical contributions. We derive a novel recurrent neural network (RNN)–based approach for face reenactment which adjusts for both pose and expression variations and can be applied to a single image or a video sequence. For video sequences, we introduce continuous interpolation of the face views based on reenactment, Delaunay Triangulation, and barycentric coordinates. Occluded face regions are handled by a face completion network. Finally, we use a face blending network for seamless blending of the two faces while preserving target skin color and lighting conditions. This network uses a novel Poisson blending loss which combines Poisson optimization with perceptual loss. We compare our approach to existing state-of-the-art systems and show our results to be both qualitatively and quantitatively superior. [paper](https://arxiv.org/pdf/1908.05932.pdf)\n![](https://i.blogs.es/b2996b/ejemplo_fsganjpg/450_1000.jpg)\n\n- (ICCV 2019) **Deepfake Video Detection through Optical Flow based CNN**: Recent advances in visual media technology have led to new tools for processing and, above all, generating multimedia contents. In particular, modern AI-based technologies have provided easy-to-use tools to create extremely realistic manipulated videos. Such synthetic videos, named Deep Fakes, may constitute a serious threat to attack the reputation of public subjects or to address the general opinion on a certain event. According to this, being able to individuate this kind of fake information becomes fundamental. In this work, a new forensic technique able to discern between fake and original video sequences is given; unlike other state-of-the-art methods which resorts at single video frames, we propose the adoption of optical flow fields to exploit possible inter-frame dissimilarities. Such a clue is then used as feature to be learned by CNN classifiers. Preliminary results obtained on FaceForensics++ dataset highlight very promising performances. [paper](http://openaccess.thecvf.com/content_ICCVW_2019/html/HBU/Amerini_Deepfake_Video_Detection_through_Optical_Flow_Based_CNN_ICCVW_2019_paper.html)\n\n- (Sept 2019) **Celeb-DF: A New Dataset for DeepFake Forensics**: AI-synthesized face swapping videos, commonly known as the DeepFakes, have become an emerging problem recently. Correspondingly, there is an increasing interest in developing algorithms that can detect them. However, existing dataset of DeepFake videos suffer from low visual quality and abundant artifacts that do not reflect the reality of DeepFake videos circulated on the Internet. In this work, we present a new DeepFake dataset, Celeb-DF, for the development and evaluation of DeepFake detection algorithms. The Celeb-DF dataset is generated using a refined synthesis algorithm that reduces the visual artifacts observed in existing datasets. Based on the Celeb-DF dataset, we also benchmark existing DeepFake detection algorithms. |(Yuezun Li, Xin Yang, Pu Sun, Honggang Qi, Siwei Lyu)| [paper](https://arxiv.org/abs/1909.12962)\n\n![](http://www.cs.albany.edu/~lsw/src/basic_info.png =600x*)\n\n- (26-Aug-2019) **FaceForensics++: Learning to Detect Manipulated Facial Images**: FaceForensics++ is a dataset of facial forgeries that enables researchers to train deep-learning-based approaches in a supervised fashion. The dataset contains manipulations created with four state-of-the-art methods, namely, Face2Face, FaceSwap, DeepFakes, and NeuralTextures.\" | Andreas Rossler, Davide Cozzolino, Luisa Verdoliva, Christian Riess, Justus Thies, Matthias Nießner | [paper](https://arxiv.org/pdf/1901.08971.pdf) [benchmarks](http://kaldir.vc.in.tum.de/faceforensics_benchmark/) [github](https://github.com/ondyari/FaceForensics/)\n\n![](https://github.com/ondyari/FaceForensics/raw/master/images/teaser.png)\n\n- **Multi-task Learning For Detecting and Segmenting Manipulated Facial Images and Videos**:\nDetecting manipulated images and videos is an important topic in digital media forensics. Most detection methods use binary classification to determine the probability of a query being manipulated. Another important topic is locating manipulated regions (i.e., performing segmentation), which are mostly created by three commonly used attacks: removal, copy-move, and splicing. We have designed a convolutional neural network that uses the multi-task learning approach to simultaneously detect manipulated images and videos and locate the manipulated regions for each query. Information gained by performing one task is shared with the other task and thereby enhance the performance of both tasks. A semi-supervised learning approach is used to improve the network's generability. The network includes an encoder and a Y-shaped decoder. Activation of the encoded features is used for the binary classification. The output of one branch of the decoder is used for segmenting the manipulated regions while that of the other branch is used for reconstructing the input, which helps improve overall performance. Experiments using the FaceForensics and FaceForensics++ databases demonstrated the network's effectiveness against facial reenactment attacks and face swapping attacks as well as its ability to deal with the mismatch condition for previously seen attacks. Moreover, fine-tuning using just a small amount of data enables the network to deal with unseen attacks. |Huy H. Nguyen, Fuming Fang, Junichi Yamagishi, Isao Echizen| [paper](https://arxiv.org/abs/1906.06876)\n\n- (9-Aug-2019) **FakeCatcher: Detection of Synthetic Portrait Videos using Biological Signals**: \"We extract biological signals from facial regions on authentic and fake portrait video pairs. We apply transformations to compute the spatial coherence and temporal consistency, capture the signal characteristics in feature sets and PPG maps, and train a probabilistic SVM and a CNN. Then, we aggregate authenticity probabilities to decide whether the video is fake or authentic.\" | Umur Aybars Ciftci, Ilke Demir, Lijun Yin (Binghampton) | [paper](https://arxiv.org/pdf/1901.02212.pdf)\n\n- (CVPR 2019) **Exposing DeepFake Videos By Detecting Face Warping Artifacts**: \nDeepFake algorithm can only generate images of limited resolutions, which need to be further warped to match the original faces in the source video. Such transforms leave distinctive artifacts in the resulting DeepFake videos, and we show that they can be effectively captured by convolutional neural networks (CNNs).\" | Yuezun Li, Siwei Lyu (University at Albany) | [paper](https://arxiv.org/pdf/1811.00656.pdf)\n\n- **MesoNet: a Compact Facial Video Forgery Detection Network**\nThis paper presents a method to automatically and efficiently detect face tampering in videos, and particularly focuses on two recent techniques used to generate hyper-realistic forged videos: Deepfake and Face2Face. Traditional image forensics techniques are usually not well suited to videos due to the compression that strongly degrades the data. Thus, this paper follows a deep learning approach and presents two networks, both with a low number of layers to focus on the mesoscopic properties of images. We evaluate those fast networks on both an existing dataset and a dataset we have constituted from online videos. The tests demonstrate a very successful detection rate with more than 98% for Deepfake and 95% for Face2Face. |\nDarius Afchar, Vincent Nozick, Junichi Yamagishi, Isao Echizen| [paper](https://arxiv.org/abs/1809.00888)\n\n- (2018) **EXPOSING DEEP FAKES USING INCONSISTENT HEAD POSES** | \"Our method is based on the observations that Deep Fakes are created by splicing synthesized face region into the original image, and in doing so, introducing errors that can be revealed when 3D head poses are estimated from the face images. We perform experiments to demonstrate this phenomenon and further develop a classification method based on this cue. Using features based on this cue, an SVM classifier is evaluated using a set of real face images and Deep Fakes.\" | Xin Yang, Yuezun Li and Siwei Lyu (NYU) | [paper](https://arxiv.org/pdf/1811.00661) | \n\n- (2018) **CAPSULE-FORENSICS: USING CAPSULE NETWORKS TO DETECT FORGED IMAGES AND VIDEOS**: \"The method introduced in this paper uses a capsule network to detect various kinds of spoofs, from replay attacks using printed images or recorded videos to computergenerated videos using deep convolutional neural networks.\" | Huy H. Nguyen , Junichi Yamagishi, and Isao Echizen (National Institute of Informatics, Tokyo, Japan and The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK ) | [paper](https://arxiv.org/pdf/1810.11215.pdf)\n\n- (2018) **Forensics Face Detection From GANs Using Convolutional Neural Network** | \"We use GANs to create fake faces with multiple resolutions and sizes to help data augments. Moreover, we apply a deep face recognition system to transfer weight to our system for robust face feature extraction\" | Tai Do Nhu, In Seop Na, S.H. Kim |[paper](https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Tai_Do_Nhu/publication/327905310_Forensics_Face_Detection_From_GANs_Using_Convolutional_Neural_Network/links/5bac84e7a6fdccd3cb768b1c/Forensics-Face-Detection-From-GANs-Using-Convolutional-Neural-Network.pdf)\n\n- (2018) **Detection of Deepfake Video Manipulation**: \"Photo response non uniformity (PRNU) analysis is tested for its effectiveness at detecting Deepfake video manipulation. The PRNU analysis shows a significant difference in mean normalised cross correlation scores between authentic videos and Deepfakes.\" | Marissa Koopman, Andrea Macarulla Rodriguez, Zeno Geradts (University of Amsterdam &amp; Netherlands Forensic Institute) | [paper](https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Zeno_Geradts/publication/329814168_Detection_of_Deepfake_Video_Manipulation/links/5c1bdf7da6fdccfc705da03e/Detection-of-Deepfake-Video-Manipulation.pdf)\n\n- (2018) **Deepfake Video Detection Using Recurrent Neural Networks**:  This paper proposes a temporal-aware pipeline to automatically detect deepfake videos. Our system uses a convolutional neural network (CNN) to extract frame-level features. These features are then used to train a recurrent neural network (RNN) that learns to classify if a video has been subject to manipulation or not. | D Güera, EJ Delp (Purdue) | [paper](https://engineering.purdue.edu/~dgueraco/content/deepfake.pdf) \n\n---\n\n**I hope it helps you.**\n```I'll keep updating (I have to add more papers from ICCV '19)```",
      "votes": null
    },
    {
      "id": "692976",
      "postDate": "12/11/2019 23:15:48",
      "content": "<p>Awesome work!</p>",
      "rawMarkdown": "Awesome work!",
      "votes": null
    },
    {
      "id": "692998",
      "postDate": "12/12/2019 00:03:02",
      "content": "<p>WoW</p>",
      "rawMarkdown": "WoW",
      "votes": null
    },
    {
      "id": "693179",
      "postDate": "12/12/2019 05:34:45",
      "content": "<p>Awesome, it's very helpful!</p>",
      "rawMarkdown": "Awesome, it's very helpful!",
      "votes": null
    },
    {
      "id": "693205",
      "postDate": "12/12/2019 06:17:35",
      "content": "<p>Very Useful  Thank You!</p>",
      "rawMarkdown": "Very Useful  Thank You!",
      "votes": null
    },
    {
      "id": "693232",
      "postDate": "12/12/2019 07:09:20",
      "content": "<p>Thank you very much for your nice work!</p>\n\n<p>We also have two more detectors to introduce:\n+ MesoNet: a lightweight detector: <a href=\"https://github.com/nii-yamagishilab/MesoNet\">https://github.com/nii-yamagishilab/MesoNet</a>\n+ A multitask-learning-based detector which could deal with unseen attacks: <a href=\"https://github.com/nii-yamagishilab/ClassNSeg\">https://github.com/nii-yamagishilab/ClassNSeg</a></p>",
      "rawMarkdown": "Thank you very much for your nice work!\n\nWe also have two more detectors to introduce:\n+ MesoNet: a lightweight detector: [https://github.com/nii-yamagishilab/MesoNet](https://github.com/nii-yamagishilab/MesoNet)\n+ A multitask-learning-based detector which could deal with unseen attacks: [https://github.com/nii-yamagishilab/ClassNSeg](https://github.com/nii-yamagishilab/ClassNSeg)",
      "votes": null
    },
    {
      "id": "693295",
      "postDate": "12/12/2019 08:10:56",
      "content": "<p>\"We also...\" ? Wow your work is amazing, glad that you are on kaggle :) </p>",
      "rawMarkdown": "\"We also...\" ? Wow your work is amazing, glad that you are on kaggle :)",
      "votes": null
    },
    {
      "id": "693416",
      "postDate": "12/12/2019 10:49:52",
      "content": "<p>Very good starting point for the people that wants to join this competition, thank you.</p>",
      "rawMarkdown": "Very good starting point for the people that wants to join this competition, thank you.",
      "votes": null
    },
    {
      "id": "693426",
      "postDate": "12/12/2019 11:05:51",
      "content": "<p>Very useful, thanks!!!</p>",
      "rawMarkdown": "Very useful, thanks!!!",
      "votes": null
    },
    {
      "id": "693871",
      "postDate": "12/12/2019 21:50:54",
      "content": "<p>Very Nice, Thank you !</p>",
      "rawMarkdown": "Very Nice, Thank you !",
      "votes": null
    },
    {
      "id": "694318",
      "postDate": "12/13/2019 12:25:21",
      "content": "<p>Thank you very much for your update!</p>\n\n<p>For the Capsule-Forensics, we released the <strong>version 2</strong> here: <a href=\"https://github.com/nii-yamagishilab/Capsule-Forensics-v2\">https://github.com/nii-yamagishilab/Capsule-Forensics-v2</a></p>\n\n<p>Furthermore, we also proposed a method called <a href=\"https://github.com/nii-yamagishilab/CGvsPhoto\">CGIvsPhoto</a> to distinguish between CG and real photographic images, which was later applied for deepfake detection in the <a href=\"http://kaldir.vc.in.tum.de/faceforensics_benchmark/\">FaceForensics Benchmark</a> (a little bit outdated).</p>",
      "rawMarkdown": "Thank you very much for your update!\n\nFor the Capsule-Forensics, we released the **version 2** here: [https://github.com/nii-yamagishilab/Capsule-Forensics-v2](https://github.com/nii-yamagishilab/Capsule-Forensics-v2)\n\nFurthermore, we also proposed a method called [CGIvsPhoto](https://github.com/nii-yamagishilab/CGvsPhoto) to distinguish between CG and real photographic images, which was later applied for deepfake detection in the [FaceForensics Benchmark](http://kaldir.vc.in.tum.de/faceforensics_benchmark/) (a little bit outdated).",
      "votes": null
    },
    {
      "id": "704041",
      "postDate": "12/27/2019 01:19:42",
      "content": "<p>So nice, thanks!</p>",
      "rawMarkdown": "So nice, thanks!",
      "votes": null
    },
    {
      "id": "731788",
      "postDate": "01/29/2020 03:51:23",
      "content": "<p>Awesome work!</p>",
      "rawMarkdown": "Awesome work!",
      "votes": null
    },
    {
      "id": "802100",
      "postDate": "04/09/2020 06:18:06",
      "content": "<p>good job, thanks</p>",
      "rawMarkdown": "good job, thanks",
      "votes": null
    },
    {
      "id": "823316",
      "postDate": "04/27/2020 14:58:53",
      "content": "<p>Here is a new in-depth survey/tutorial on deepfakes:\nThe Creation and Detection of Deepfakes: A Survey\n<a href=\"https://arxiv.org/abs/2004.11138\">https://arxiv.org/abs/2004.11138</a></p>",
      "rawMarkdown": "Here is a new in-depth survey/tutorial on deepfakes:\nThe Creation and Detection of Deepfakes: A Survey\nhttps://arxiv.org/abs/2004.11138",
      "votes": null
    },
    {
      "id": "831164",
      "postDate": "05/03/2020 07:45:23",
      "content": "<p>Hello ma'am,\nFirstly, You did a wonderful job and it's being very helpful to me..... I am too working on the same project but not having much experience so I wanted your guidance in that.\nActually I downloaded one of the smaller zip folders of the dataset provided by Kaggle only, but I'm unable to find the .json file in that zip and without that,  I'm unable to know which videos are real and which are deepfake in my training set. \nCan you please help me out?</p>",
      "rawMarkdown": "Hello ma'am,\nFirstly, You did a wonderful job and it's being very helpful to me..... I am too working on the same project but not having much experience so I wanted your guidance in that.\nActually I downloaded one of the smaller zip folders of the dataset provided by Kaggle only, but I'm unable to find the .json file in that zip and without that,  I'm unable to know which videos are real and which are deepfake in my training set. \nCan you please help me out?",
      "votes": null
    },
    {
      "id": "1058242",
      "postDate": "10/23/2020 13:53:28",
      "content": "<p>Thank you, has anyone tried out the last one? I'm trying to find similar code</p>",
      "rawMarkdown": "Thank you, has anyone tried out the last one? I'm trying to find similar code",
      "votes": null
    },
    {
      "id": "1187323",
      "postDate": "02/05/2021 11:18:19",
      "content": "<p>Thank you very much for your Great work!</p>",
      "rawMarkdown": "Thank you very much for your Great work!",
      "votes": null
    },
    {
      "id": "1290244",
      "postDate": "05/01/2021 18:30:59",
      "content": "<p>Awesome!Thanks for sharing.</p>",
      "rawMarkdown": "Awesome!Thanks for sharing.",
      "votes": null
    },
    {
      "id": "3090139",
      "postDate": "01/06/2025 23:58:25",
      "content": "<p>I am unable to access this website :<br>\n<strong><a href=\"https://deepfakedetectionchallenge.ai/\" target=\"_blank\">https://deepfakedetectionchallenge.ai/</a></strong><br>\nI am getting error \"Invalid aws account id\".</p>\n<p>Can you tell me where I can find 5000 videos test set for DFDC.?🙏🙏</p>",
      "rawMarkdown": "I am unable to access this website :\n**https://deepfakedetectionchallenge.ai/**\nI am getting error \"Invalid aws account id\".\n\nCan you tell me where I can find 5000 videos test set for DFDC.?🙏🙏",
      "votes": null
    }
  ],
  "comments": [
    {
      "id": 1058242,
      "author_name": "pratimugale",
      "author_url": "",
      "post_date": "10/23/2020 13:53:28",
      "content": "<p>Thank you, has anyone tried out the last one? I'm trying to find similar code</p>",
      "votes": null,
      "replies": []
    },
    {
      "id": 1187323,
      "author_name": "tasneemabdulrahim",
      "author_url": "",
      "post_date": "02/05/2021 11:18:19",
      "content": "<p>Thank you very much for your Great work!</p>",
      "votes": null,
      "replies": []
    },
    {
      "id": 1290244,
      "author_name": "afafathar3007",
      "author_url": "",
      "post_date": "05/01/2021 18:30:59",
      "content": "<p>Awesome!Thanks for sharing.</p>",
      "votes": null,
      "replies": []
    },
    {
      "id": 3090139,
      "author_name": "diwakarsehgal",
      "author_url": "",
      "post_date": "01/06/2025 23:58:25",
      "content": "<p>I am unable to access this website :<br>\n<strong><a href=\"https://deepfakedetectionchallenge.ai/\" target=\"_blank\">https://deepfakedetectionchallenge.ai/</a></strong><br>\nI am getting error \"Invalid aws account id\".</p>\n<p>Can you tell me where I can find 5000 videos test set for DFDC.?🙏🙏</p>",
      "votes": null,
      "replies": []
    },
    {
      "id": 692976,
      "author_name": "carlolepelaars",
      "author_url": "",
      "post_date": "12/11/2019 23:15:48",
      "content": "<p>Awesome work!</p>",
      "votes": null,
      "replies": []
    },
    {
      "id": 692998,
      "author_name": "liuzhangzhen",
      "author_url": "",
      "post_date": "12/12/2019 00:03:02",
      "content": "<p>WoW</p>",
      "votes": null,
      "replies": []
    },
    {
      "id": 693179,
      "author_name": "lanjunyelan",
      "author_url": "",
      "post_date": "12/12/2019 05:34:45",
      "content": "<p>Awesome, it's very helpful!</p>",
      "votes": null,
      "replies": []
    },
    {
      "id": 693205,
      "author_name": "srbestha",
      "author_url": "",
      "post_date": "12/12/2019 06:17:35",
      "content": "<p>Very Useful  Thank You!</p>",
      "votes": null,
      "replies": []
    },
    {
      "id": 693232,
      "author_name": "honghuy127",
      "author_url": "",
      "post_date": "12/12/2019 07:09:20",
      "content": "<p>Thank you very much for your nice work!</p>\n\n<p>We also have two more detectors to introduce:\n+ MesoNet: a lightweight detector: <a href=\"https://github.com/nii-yamagishilab/MesoNet\">https://github.com/nii-yamagishilab/MesoNet</a>\n+ A multitask-learning-based detector which could deal with unseen attacks: <a href=\"https://github.com/nii-yamagishilab/ClassNSeg\">https://github.com/nii-yamagishilab/ClassNSeg</a></p>",
      "votes": null,
      "replies": [
        {
          "id": 693295,
          "author_name": "jesucristo",
          "author_url": "",
          "post_date": "12/12/2019 08:10:56",
          "content": "<p>\"We also...\" ? Wow your work is amazing, glad that you are on kaggle :) </p>",
          "votes": null,
          "replies": []
        },
        {
          "id": 694318,
          "author_name": "honghuy127",
          "author_url": "",
          "post_date": "12/13/2019 12:25:21",
          "content": "<p>Thank you very much for your update!</p>\n\n<p>For the Capsule-Forensics, we released the <strong>version 2</strong> here: <a href=\"https://github.com/nii-yamagishilab/Capsule-Forensics-v2\">https://github.com/nii-yamagishilab/Capsule-Forensics-v2</a></p>\n\n<p>Furthermore, we also proposed a method called <a href=\"https://github.com/nii-yamagishilab/CGvsPhoto\">CGIvsPhoto</a> to distinguish between CG and real photographic images, which was later applied for deepfake detection in the <a href=\"http://kaldir.vc.in.tum.de/faceforensics_benchmark/\">FaceForensics Benchmark</a> (a little bit outdated).</p>",
          "votes": null,
          "replies": []
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 693416,
      "author_name": "gpreda",
      "author_url": "",
      "post_date": "12/12/2019 10:49:52",
      "content": "<p>Very good starting point for the people that wants to join this competition, thank you.</p>",
      "votes": null,
      "replies": []
    },
    {
      "id": 693426,
      "author_name": "jiageng",
      "author_url": "",
      "post_date": "12/12/2019 11:05:51",
      "content": "<p>Very useful, thanks!!!</p>",
      "votes": null,
      "replies": []
    },
    {
      "id": 693871,
      "author_name": "alhasanabdellatif123",
      "author_url": "",
      "post_date": "12/12/2019 21:50:54",
      "content": "<p>Very Nice, Thank you !</p>",
      "votes": null,
      "replies": []
    },
    {
      "id": 704041,
      "author_name": "tehutahu",
      "author_url": "",
      "post_date": "12/27/2019 01:19:42",
      "content": "<p>So nice, thanks!</p>",
      "votes": null,
      "replies": []
    },
    {
      "id": 731788,
      "author_name": "beeaware",
      "author_url": "",
      "post_date": "01/29/2020 03:51:23",
      "content": "<p>Awesome work!</p>",
      "votes": null,
      "replies": []
    },
    {
      "id": 802100,
      "author_name": "littlesweety",
      "author_url": "",
      "post_date": "04/09/2020 06:18:06",
      "content": "<p>good job, thanks</p>",
      "votes": null,
      "replies": []
    },
    {
      "id": 823316,
      "author_name": "ymirsky",
      "author_url": "",
      "post_date": "04/27/2020 14:58:53",
      "content": "<p>Here is a new in-depth survey/tutorial on deepfakes:\nThe Creation and Detection of Deepfakes: A Survey\n<a href=\"https://arxiv.org/abs/2004.11138\">https://arxiv.org/abs/2004.11138</a></p>",
      "votes": null,
      "replies": []
    },
    {
      "id": 831164,
      "author_name": "simplydivs",
      "author_url": "",
      "post_date": "05/03/2020 07:45:23",
      "content": "<p>Hello ma'am,\nFirstly, You did a wonderful job and it's being very helpful to me..... I am too working on the same project but not having much experience so I wanted your guidance in that.\nActually I downloaded one of the smaller zip folders of the dataset provided by Kaggle only, but I'm unable to find the .json file in that zip and without that,  I'm unable to know which videos are real and which are deepfake in my training set. \nCan you please help me out?</p>",
      "votes": null,
      "replies": []
    }
  ],
  "raw_markdown_by_id": {
    "692967": "![](https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-PftWHyGUM34/XLNDDUmV4BI/AAAAAAAAkZ0/JLCDFlPFlbwQ5zH9aT6oibfwTTlDBDVrwCLcBGAs/s1600/Obama%2Bdeepfake.gif =500x*)\n\n![](https://media.licdn.com/dms/image/C4E22AQGAD4zs_dZBdQ/feedshare-shrink_800/0?e=1579132800&amp;v=beta&amp;t=ohv5cKzWzS_Bj-q68ib0vRODjqnb9Xi422vQvlcgUcw =400x*)\n\n**Official website:** https://deepfakedetectionchallenge.ai/\nIf you want to learn more about DeepFake and GANs check the kernel: **[GAN Introduction](https://www.kaggle.com/jesucristo/gan-introduction)** is great!\n\n----\n\n- (ICCV 2019) **FSGAN: Subject Agnostic Face Swapping and Reenactment**: We present Face Swapping GAN (FSGAN) for face swapping and reenactment. Unlike previous work, FSGAN is\nsubject agnostic and can be applied to pairs of faces without requiring training on those faces. To this end, we describe a number of technical contributions. We derive a novel recurrent neural network (RNN)–based approach for face reenactment which adjusts for both pose and expression variations and can be applied to a single image or a video sequence. For video sequences, we introduce continuous interpolation of the face views based on reenactment, Delaunay Triangulation, and barycentric coordinates. Occluded face regions are handled by a face completion network. Finally, we use a face blending network for seamless blending of the two faces while preserving target skin color and lighting conditions. This network uses a novel Poisson blending loss which combines Poisson optimization with perceptual loss. We compare our approach to existing state-of-the-art systems and show our results to be both qualitatively and quantitatively superior. [paper](https://arxiv.org/pdf/1908.05932.pdf)\n![](https://i.blogs.es/b2996b/ejemplo_fsganjpg/450_1000.jpg)\n\n- (ICCV 2019) **Deepfake Video Detection through Optical Flow based CNN**: Recent advances in visual media technology have led to new tools for processing and, above all, generating multimedia contents. In particular, modern AI-based technologies have provided easy-to-use tools to create extremely realistic manipulated videos. Such synthetic videos, named Deep Fakes, may constitute a serious threat to attack the reputation of public subjects or to address the general opinion on a certain event. According to this, being able to individuate this kind of fake information becomes fundamental. In this work, a new forensic technique able to discern between fake and original video sequences is given; unlike other state-of-the-art methods which resorts at single video frames, we propose the adoption of optical flow fields to exploit possible inter-frame dissimilarities. Such a clue is then used as feature to be learned by CNN classifiers. Preliminary results obtained on FaceForensics++ dataset highlight very promising performances. [paper](http://openaccess.thecvf.com/content_ICCVW_2019/html/HBU/Amerini_Deepfake_Video_Detection_through_Optical_Flow_Based_CNN_ICCVW_2019_paper.html)\n\n- (Sept 2019) **Celeb-DF: A New Dataset for DeepFake Forensics**: AI-synthesized face swapping videos, commonly known as the DeepFakes, have become an emerging problem recently. Correspondingly, there is an increasing interest in developing algorithms that can detect them. However, existing dataset of DeepFake videos suffer from low visual quality and abundant artifacts that do not reflect the reality of DeepFake videos circulated on the Internet. In this work, we present a new DeepFake dataset, Celeb-DF, for the development and evaluation of DeepFake detection algorithms. The Celeb-DF dataset is generated using a refined synthesis algorithm that reduces the visual artifacts observed in existing datasets. Based on the Celeb-DF dataset, we also benchmark existing DeepFake detection algorithms. |(Yuezun Li, Xin Yang, Pu Sun, Honggang Qi, Siwei Lyu)| [paper](https://arxiv.org/abs/1909.12962)\n\n![](http://www.cs.albany.edu/~lsw/src/basic_info.png =600x*)\n\n- (26-Aug-2019) **FaceForensics++: Learning to Detect Manipulated Facial Images**: FaceForensics++ is a dataset of facial forgeries that enables researchers to train deep-learning-based approaches in a supervised fashion. The dataset contains manipulations created with four state-of-the-art methods, namely, Face2Face, FaceSwap, DeepFakes, and NeuralTextures.\" | Andreas Rossler, Davide Cozzolino, Luisa Verdoliva, Christian Riess, Justus Thies, Matthias Nießner | [paper](https://arxiv.org/pdf/1901.08971.pdf) [benchmarks](http://kaldir.vc.in.tum.de/faceforensics_benchmark/) [github](https://github.com/ondyari/FaceForensics/)\n\n![](https://github.com/ondyari/FaceForensics/raw/master/images/teaser.png)\n\n- **Multi-task Learning For Detecting and Segmenting Manipulated Facial Images and Videos**:\nDetecting manipulated images and videos is an important topic in digital media forensics. Most detection methods use binary classification to determine the probability of a query being manipulated. Another important topic is locating manipulated regions (i.e., performing segmentation), which are mostly created by three commonly used attacks: removal, copy-move, and splicing. We have designed a convolutional neural network that uses the multi-task learning approach to simultaneously detect manipulated images and videos and locate the manipulated regions for each query. Information gained by performing one task is shared with the other task and thereby enhance the performance of both tasks. A semi-supervised learning approach is used to improve the network's generability. The network includes an encoder and a Y-shaped decoder. Activation of the encoded features is used for the binary classification. The output of one branch of the decoder is used for segmenting the manipulated regions while that of the other branch is used for reconstructing the input, which helps improve overall performance. Experiments using the FaceForensics and FaceForensics++ databases demonstrated the network's effectiveness against facial reenactment attacks and face swapping attacks as well as its ability to deal with the mismatch condition for previously seen attacks. Moreover, fine-tuning using just a small amount of data enables the network to deal with unseen attacks. |Huy H. Nguyen, Fuming Fang, Junichi Yamagishi, Isao Echizen| [paper](https://arxiv.org/abs/1906.06876)\n\n- (9-Aug-2019) **FakeCatcher: Detection of Synthetic Portrait Videos using Biological Signals**: \"We extract biological signals from facial regions on authentic and fake portrait video pairs. We apply transformations to compute the spatial coherence and temporal consistency, capture the signal characteristics in feature sets and PPG maps, and train a probabilistic SVM and a CNN. Then, we aggregate authenticity probabilities to decide whether the video is fake or authentic.\" | Umur Aybars Ciftci, Ilke Demir, Lijun Yin (Binghampton) | [paper](https://arxiv.org/pdf/1901.02212.pdf)\n\n- (CVPR 2019) **Exposing DeepFake Videos By Detecting Face Warping Artifacts**: \nDeepFake algorithm can only generate images of limited resolutions, which need to be further warped to match the original faces in the source video. Such transforms leave distinctive artifacts in the resulting DeepFake videos, and we show that they can be effectively captured by convolutional neural networks (CNNs).\" | Yuezun Li, Siwei Lyu (University at Albany) | [paper](https://arxiv.org/pdf/1811.00656.pdf)\n\n- **MesoNet: a Compact Facial Video Forgery Detection Network**\nThis paper presents a method to automatically and efficiently detect face tampering in videos, and particularly focuses on two recent techniques used to generate hyper-realistic forged videos: Deepfake and Face2Face. Traditional image forensics techniques are usually not well suited to videos due to the compression that strongly degrades the data. Thus, this paper follows a deep learning approach and presents two networks, both with a low number of layers to focus on the mesoscopic properties of images. We evaluate those fast networks on both an existing dataset and a dataset we have constituted from online videos. The tests demonstrate a very successful detection rate with more than 98% for Deepfake and 95% for Face2Face. |\nDarius Afchar, Vincent Nozick, Junichi Yamagishi, Isao Echizen| [paper](https://arxiv.org/abs/1809.00888)\n\n- (2018) **EXPOSING DEEP FAKES USING INCONSISTENT HEAD POSES** | \"Our method is based on the observations that Deep Fakes are created by splicing synthesized face region into the original image, and in doing so, introducing errors that can be revealed when 3D head poses are estimated from the face images. We perform experiments to demonstrate this phenomenon and further develop a classification method based on this cue. Using features based on this cue, an SVM classifier is evaluated using a set of real face images and Deep Fakes.\" | Xin Yang, Yuezun Li and Siwei Lyu (NYU) | [paper](https://arxiv.org/pdf/1811.00661) | \n\n- (2018) **CAPSULE-FORENSICS: USING CAPSULE NETWORKS TO DETECT FORGED IMAGES AND VIDEOS**: \"The method introduced in this paper uses a capsule network to detect various kinds of spoofs, from replay attacks using printed images or recorded videos to computergenerated videos using deep convolutional neural networks.\" | Huy H. Nguyen , Junichi Yamagishi, and Isao Echizen (National Institute of Informatics, Tokyo, Japan and The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK ) | [paper](https://arxiv.org/pdf/1810.11215.pdf)\n\n- (2018) **Forensics Face Detection From GANs Using Convolutional Neural Network** | \"We use GANs to create fake faces with multiple resolutions and sizes to help data augments. Moreover, we apply a deep face recognition system to transfer weight to our system for robust face feature extraction\" | Tai Do Nhu, In Seop Na, S.H. Kim |[paper](https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Tai_Do_Nhu/publication/327905310_Forensics_Face_Detection_From_GANs_Using_Convolutional_Neural_Network/links/5bac84e7a6fdccd3cb768b1c/Forensics-Face-Detection-From-GANs-Using-Convolutional-Neural-Network.pdf)\n\n- (2018) **Detection of Deepfake Video Manipulation**: \"Photo response non uniformity (PRNU) analysis is tested for its effectiveness at detecting Deepfake video manipulation. The PRNU analysis shows a significant difference in mean normalised cross correlation scores between authentic videos and Deepfakes.\" | Marissa Koopman, Andrea Macarulla Rodriguez, Zeno Geradts (University of Amsterdam &amp; Netherlands Forensic Institute) | [paper](https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Zeno_Geradts/publication/329814168_Detection_of_Deepfake_Video_Manipulation/links/5c1bdf7da6fdccfc705da03e/Detection-of-Deepfake-Video-Manipulation.pdf)\n\n- (2018) **Deepfake Video Detection Using Recurrent Neural Networks**:  This paper proposes a temporal-aware pipeline to automatically detect deepfake videos. Our system uses a convolutional neural network (CNN) to extract frame-level features. These features are then used to train a recurrent neural network (RNN) that learns to classify if a video has been subject to manipulation or not. | D Güera, EJ Delp (Purdue) | [paper](https://engineering.purdue.edu/~dgueraco/content/deepfake.pdf) \n\n---\n\n**I hope it helps you.**\n```I'll keep updating (I have to add more papers from ICCV '19)```",
    "692976": "Awesome work!",
    "692998": "WoW",
    "693179": "Awesome, it's very helpful!",
    "693205": "Very Useful  Thank You!",
    "693232": "Thank you very much for your nice work!\n\nWe also have two more detectors to introduce:\n+ MesoNet: a lightweight detector: [https://github.com/nii-yamagishilab/MesoNet](https://github.com/nii-yamagishilab/MesoNet)\n+ A multitask-learning-based detector which could deal with unseen attacks: [https://github.com/nii-yamagishilab/ClassNSeg](https://github.com/nii-yamagishilab/ClassNSeg)",
    "693295": "\"We also...\" ? Wow your work is amazing, glad that you are on kaggle :)",
    "693416": "Very good starting point for the people that wants to join this competition, thank you.",
    "693426": "Very useful, thanks!!!",
    "693871": "Very Nice, Thank you !",
    "694318": "Thank you very much for your update!\n\nFor the Capsule-Forensics, we released the **version 2** here: [https://github.com/nii-yamagishilab/Capsule-Forensics-v2](https://github.com/nii-yamagishilab/Capsule-Forensics-v2)\n\nFurthermore, we also proposed a method called [CGIvsPhoto](https://github.com/nii-yamagishilab/CGvsPhoto) to distinguish between CG and real photographic images, which was later applied for deepfake detection in the [FaceForensics Benchmark](http://kaldir.vc.in.tum.de/faceforensics_benchmark/) (a little bit outdated).",
    "704041": "So nice, thanks!",
    "731788": "Awesome work!",
    "802100": "good job, thanks",
    "823316": "Here is a new in-depth survey/tutorial on deepfakes:\nThe Creation and Detection of Deepfakes: A Survey\nhttps://arxiv.org/abs/2004.11138",
    "831164": "Hello ma'am,\nFirstly, You did a wonderful job and it's being very helpful to me..... I am too working on the same project but not having much experience so I wanted your guidance in that.\nActually I downloaded one of the smaller zip folders of the dataset provided by Kaggle only, but I'm unable to find the .json file in that zip and without that,  I'm unable to know which videos are real and which are deepfake in my training set. \nCan you please help me out?",
    "1058242": "Thank you, has anyone tried out the last one? I'm trying to find similar code",
    "1187323": "Thank you very much for your Great work!",
    "1290244": "Awesome!Thanks for sharing.",
    "3090139": "I am unable to access this website :\n**https://deepfakedetectionchallenge.ai/**\nI am getting error \"Invalid aws account id\".\n\nCan you tell me where I can find 5000 videos test set for DFDC.?🙏🙏"
  },
  "source": "meta"
}