{"metadata":{"kernelspec":{"language":"python","display_name":"Python 3","name":"python3"},"language_info":{"pygments_lexer":"ipython3","nbconvert_exporter":"python","version":"3.6.4","file_extension":".py","codemirror_mode":{"name":"ipython","version":3},"name":"python","mimetype":"text/x-python"}},"nbformat_minor":4,"nbformat":4,"cells":[{"cell_type":"code","source":"# This Python 3 environment comes with many helpful analytics libraries installed\n# It is defined by the kaggle/python Docker image: https://github.com/kaggle/docker-python\n# For example, here's several helpful packages to load\n\nimport numpy as np # linear algebra\nimport pandas as pd # data processing, CSV file I/O (e.g. pd.read_csv)\n\n# Input data files are available in the read-only \"../input/\" directory\n# For example, running this (by clicking run or pressing Shift+Enter) will list all files under the input directory\n\nimport os\nfor dirname, _, filenames in os.walk('/kaggle/input/LANL-Earthquake-Prediction'):\n    for filename in filenames:\n        print(os.path.join(dirname, filename))\n\n# You can write up to 20GB to the current directory (/kaggle/working/) that gets preserved as output when you create a version using \"Save & Run All\" \n# You can also write temporary files to /kaggle/temp/, but they won't be saved outside of the current session","metadata":{"_uuid":"8f2839f25d086af736a60e9eeb907d3b93b6e0e5","_cell_guid":"b1076dfc-b9ad-4769-8c92-a6c4dae69d19","execution":{"iopub.status.busy":"2023-03-13T05:13:04.860223Z","iopub.execute_input":"2023-03-13T05:13:04.860732Z","iopub.status.idle":"2023-03-13T05:13:09.008483Z","shell.execute_reply.started":"2023-03-13T05:13:04.860670Z","shell.execute_reply":"2023-03-13T05:13:09.006572Z"},"trusted":true},"execution_count":null,"outputs":[]},{"cell_type":"markdown","source":"<a id=\"section-one\"></a>\n# Introduction\n**^html link hidden here, fork notebook then click this cell to see it**\n\n","metadata":{}},{"cell_type":"code","source":"","metadata":{},"execution_count":null,"outputs":[]},{"cell_type":"code","source":"print(os.listdir(\"../input/LANL-Earthquake-Prediction\"))","metadata":{"execution":{"iopub.status.busy":"2023-03-13T05:13:09.011088Z","iopub.execute_input":"2023-03-13T05:13:09.014007Z","iopub.status.idle":"2023-03-13T05:13:09.021808Z","shell.execute_reply.started":"2023-03-13T05:13:09.013960Z","shell.execute_reply":"2023-03-13T05:13:09.020418Z"},"trusted":true},"execution_count":null,"outputs":[]},{"cell_type":"code","source":"test_folder_files = os.listdir(\"../input/LANL-Earthquake-Prediction/test\")\nprint(test_folder_files[:10])  # print first 10\nprint(\"\\nNumber of files in the test folder\", len(test_folder_files))","metadata":{"execution":{"iopub.status.busy":"2023-03-13T05:13:09.023623Z","iopub.execute_input":"2023-03-13T05:13:09.025035Z","iopub.status.idle":"2023-03-13T05:13:09.036742Z","shell.execute_reply.started":"2023-03-13T05:13:09.024975Z","shell.execute_reply":"2023-03-13T05:13:09.035035Z"},"trusted":true},"execution_count":null,"outputs":[]},{"cell_type":"code","source":"sample_sub = pd.read_csv('../input/LANL-Earthquake-Prediction/sample_submission.csv')\nprint(\"Submission shape\", sample_sub.shape)\nsample_sub.head()","metadata":{"execution":{"iopub.status.busy":"2023-03-13T05:13:09.040639Z","iopub.execute_input":"2023-03-13T05:13:09.041595Z","iopub.status.idle":"2023-03-13T05:13:09.091465Z","shell.execute_reply.started":"2023-03-13T05:13:09.041535Z","shell.execute_reply":"2023-03-13T05:13:09.089762Z"},"trusted":true},"execution_count":null,"outputs":[]},{"cell_type":"code","source":"import numpy as np\nimport pandas as pd\nimport os\n\nimport matplotlib.pyplot as plt\n%matplotlib inline\nfrom tqdm import tqdm_notebook\nfrom sklearn.preprocessing import StandardScaler\nfrom sklearn.svm import NuSVR, SVR\nfrom sklearn.metrics import mean_absolute_error\npd.options.display.precision = 15\n\nimport lightgbm as lgb\nimport xgboost as xgb\nimport time\nimport datetime\nfrom catboost import CatBoostRegressor\nfrom sklearn.preprocessing import LabelEncoder\nfrom sklearn.model_selection import StratifiedKFold, KFold, RepeatedKFold\nfrom sklearn.metrics import mean_absolute_error\nfrom sklearn.linear_model import LinearRegression\nimport gc\nimport seaborn as sns\nimport warnings\nwarnings.filterwarnings(\"ignore\")\n\nfrom scipy.signal import hilbert\nfrom scipy.signal import hann\nfrom scipy.signal import convolve\nfrom scipy import stats\nfrom sklearn.kernel_ridge import KernelRidge","metadata":{"execution":{"iopub.status.busy":"2023-03-13T05:13:09.093469Z","iopub.execute_input":"2023-03-13T05:13:09.094041Z","iopub.status.idle":"2023-03-13T05:13:13.016221Z","shell.execute_reply.started":"2023-03-13T05:13:09.093976Z","shell.execute_reply":"2023-03-13T05:13:13.014817Z"},"trusted":true},"execution_count":null,"outputs":[]},{"cell_type":"code","source":"","metadata":{},"execution_count":null,"outputs":[]},{"cell_type":"code","source":"%%time\ntrain = pd.read_csv('../input/LANL-Earthquake-Prediction/train.csv', dtype={'acoustic_data': np.int16, 'time_to_failure': np.float32})","metadata":{"execution":{"iopub.status.busy":"2023-03-13T05:13:13.018023Z","iopub.execute_input":"2023-03-13T05:13:13.018505Z","iopub.status.idle":"2023-03-13T05:17:35.681387Z","shell.execute_reply.started":"2023-03-13T05:13:13.018454Z","shell.execute_reply":"2023-03-13T05:17:35.679280Z"},"trusted":true},"execution_count":null,"outputs":[]},{"cell_type":"code","source":"train.head()","metadata":{"execution":{"iopub.status.busy":"2023-03-13T05:17:35.684234Z","iopub.execute_input":"2023-03-13T05:17:35.684741Z","iopub.status.idle":"2023-03-13T05:17:35.702184Z","shell.execute_reply.started":"2023-03-13T05:17:35.684678Z","shell.execute_reply":"2023-03-13T05:17:35.700796Z"},"trusted":true},"execution_count":null,"outputs":[]},{"cell_type":"code","source":"train.shape","metadata":{"execution":{"iopub.status.busy":"2023-03-13T05:18:18.994079Z","iopub.execute_input":"2023-03-13T05:18:18.994626Z","iopub.status.idle":"2023-03-13T05:18:19.003416Z","shell.execute_reply.started":"2023-03-13T05:18:18.994582Z","shell.execute_reply":"2023-03-13T05:18:19.001791Z"},"trusted":true},"execution_count":null,"outputs":[]},{"cell_type":"markdown","source":"## EDA : Distribution of Earthquakes","metadata":{}},{"cell_type":"markdown","source":"train_acoustic_data_small = train['acoustic_data'].values[::50]\ntrain_time_to_failure_small = train['time_to_failure'].values[::50]\n\nfig, ax1 = plt.subplots(figsize=(16, 8))\nplt.title(\"Trends of acoustic_data and time_to_failure. 2% of data (sampled)\")\nplt.plot(train_acoustic_data_small, color='b')\nax1.set_ylabel('acoustic_data', color='b')\nplt.legend(['acoustic_data'])\nax2 = ax1.twinx()\nplt.plot(train_time_to_failure_small, color='g')\nax2.set_ylabel('time_to_failure', color='g')\nplt.legend(['time_to_failure'], loc=(0.875, 0.9))\nplt.grid(False)\n\ndel train_acoustic_data_small\ndel train_time_to_failure_small\n\n**************************************************************\ntrain_acoustic_data_small = train['acoustic_data'].values[::100]\ntrain_time_to_failure_small = train['time_to_failure'].values[::100]\n\nfig, ax1 = plt.subplots(figsize=(16, 8))\nplt.title(\"Trends of acoustic_data and time_to_failure. 2% of data (sampled)\")\nplt.plot(train_acoustic_data_small, color='b')\nax1.set_ylabel('acoustic_data', color='b')\nplt.legend(['acoustic_data'])\nax2 = ax1.twinx()\nplt.plot(train_time_to_failure_small, color='g')\nax2.set_ylabel('time_to_failure', color='g')\nplt.legend(['time_to_failure'], loc=(0.875, 0.9))\nplt.grid(False)\n\ndel train_acoustic_data_small\ndel train_time_to_failure_small\n","metadata":{"execution":{"iopub.status.busy":"2023-03-12T17:56:08.484882Z","iopub.execute_input":"2023-03-12T17:56:08.485560Z","iopub.status.idle":"2023-03-12T17:56:22.792326Z","shell.execute_reply.started":"2023-03-12T17:56:08.485509Z","shell.execute_reply":"2023-03-12T17:56:22.791244Z"}}},{"cell_type":"markdown","source":"## Feature Creation","metadata":{}},{"cell_type":"code","source":"# Create a training file with simple derived features\nrows = 150_000\nsegments = int(np.floor(train.shape[0] / rows))\n\ndef add_trend_feature(arr, abs_values=False):\n    idx = np.array(range(len(arr)))\n    if abs_values:\n        arr = np.abs(arr)\n    lr = LinearRegression()\n    lr.fit(idx.reshape(-1, 1), arr)\n    return lr.coef_[0]\n\ndef classic_sta_lta(x, length_sta, length_lta):\n    \n    sta = np.cumsum(x ** 2)\n\n    # Convert to float\n    sta = np.require(sta, dtype=np.float)\n\n    # Copy for LTA\n    lta = sta.copy()\n\n    # Compute the STA and the LTA\n    sta[length_sta:] = sta[length_sta:] - sta[:-length_sta]\n    sta /= length_sta\n    lta[length_lta:] = lta[length_lta:] - lta[:-length_lta]\n    lta /= length_lta\n\n    # Pad zeros\n    sta[:length_lta - 1] = 0\n\n    # Avoid division by zero by setting zero values to tiny float\n    dtiny = np.finfo(0.0).tiny\n    idx = lta < dtiny\n    lta[idx] = dtiny\n\n    return sta / lta\n\nX_tr = pd.DataFrame(index=range(segments), dtype=np.float64)\n\ny_tr = pd.DataFrame(index=range(segments), dtype=np.float64, columns=['time_to_failure'])\n\ntotal_mean = train['acoustic_data'].mean()\ntotal_std = train['acoustic_data'].std()\ntotal_max = train['acoustic_data'].max()\ntotal_min = train['acoustic_data'].min()\ntotal_sum = train['acoustic_data'].sum()\ntotal_abs_sum = np.abs(train['acoustic_data']).sum()\n\ndef calc_change_rate(x):\n    change = (np.diff(x) / x[:-1]).values\n    change = change[np.nonzero(change)[0]]\n    change = change[~np.isnan(change)]\n    change = change[change != -np.inf]\n    change = change[change != np.inf]\n    return np.mean(change)\n\nfor segment in tqdm_notebook(range(segments)):\n    seg = train.iloc[segment*rows:segment*rows+rows]\n    x = pd.Series(seg['acoustic_data'].values)\n    y = seg['time_to_failure'].values[-1]\n    \n    y_tr.loc[segment, 'time_to_failure'] = y\n    X_tr.loc[segment, 'mean'] = x.mean()\n    X_tr.loc[segment, 'std'] = x.std()\n    X_tr.loc[segment, 'max'] = x.max()\n    X_tr.loc[segment, 'min'] = x.min()\n    \n    X_tr.loc[segment, 'mean_change_abs'] = np.mean(np.diff(x))\n    X_tr.loc[segment, 'mean_change_rate'] = calc_change_rate(x)\n    X_tr.loc[segment, 'abs_max'] = np.abs(x).max()\n    X_tr.loc[segment, 'abs_min'] = np.abs(x).min()\n    \n    X_tr.loc[segment, 'std_first_50000'] = x[:50000].std()\n    X_tr.loc[segment, 'std_last_50000'] = x[-50000:].std()\n    X_tr.loc[segment, 'std_first_10000'] = x[:10000].std()\n    X_tr.loc[segment, 'std_last_10000'] = x[-10000:].std()\n    \n    X_tr.loc[segment, 'avg_first_50000'] = x[:50000].mean()\n    X_tr.loc[segment, 'avg_last_50000'] = x[-50000:].mean()\n    X_tr.loc[segment, 'avg_first_10000'] = x[:10000].mean()\n    X_tr.loc[segment, 'avg_last_10000'] = x[-10000:].mean()\n    \n    X_tr.loc[segment, 'min_first_50000'] = x[:50000].min()\n    X_tr.loc[segment, 'min_last_50000'] = x[-50000:].min()\n    X_tr.loc[segment, 'min_first_10000'] = x[:10000].min()\n    X_tr.loc[segment, 'min_last_10000'] = x[-10000:].min()\n    \n    X_tr.loc[segment, 'max_first_50000'] = x[:50000].max()\n    X_tr.loc[segment, 'max_last_50000'] = x[-50000:].max()\n    X_tr.loc[segment, 'max_first_10000'] = x[:10000].max()\n    X_tr.loc[segment, 'max_last_10000'] = x[-10000:].max()\n    \n    X_tr.loc[segment, 'max_to_min'] = x.max() / np.abs(x.min())\n    X_tr.loc[segment, 'max_to_min_diff'] = x.max() - np.abs(x.min())\n    X_tr.loc[segment, 'count_big'] = len(x[np.abs(x) > 500])\n    X_tr.loc[segment, 'sum'] = x.sum()\n    \n    X_tr.loc[segment, 'mean_change_rate_first_50000'] = calc_change_rate(x[:50000])\n    X_tr.loc[segment, 'mean_change_rate_last_50000'] = calc_change_rate(x[-50000:])\n    X_tr.loc[segment, 'mean_change_rate_first_10000'] = calc_change_rate(x[:10000])\n    X_tr.loc[segment, 'mean_change_rate_last_10000'] = calc_change_rate(x[-10000:])\n    \n    X_tr.loc[segment, 'q95'] = np.quantile(x, 0.95)\n    X_tr.loc[segment, 'q99'] = np.quantile(x, 0.99)\n    X_tr.loc[segment, 'q05'] = np.quantile(x, 0.05)\n    X_tr.loc[segment, 'q01'] = np.quantile(x, 0.01)\n    \n    X_tr.loc[segment, 'abs_q95'] = np.quantile(np.abs(x), 0.95)\n    X_tr.loc[segment, 'abs_q99'] = np.quantile(np.abs(x), 0.99)\n    X_tr.loc[segment, 'abs_q05'] = np.quantile(np.abs(x), 0.05)\n    X_tr.loc[segment, 'abs_q01'] = np.quantile(np.abs(x), 0.01)\n    \n    X_tr.loc[segment, 'trend'] = add_trend_feature(x)\n    X_tr.loc[segment, 'abs_trend'] = add_trend_feature(x, abs_values=True)\n    X_tr.loc[segment, 'abs_mean'] = np.abs(x).mean()\n    X_tr.loc[segment, 'abs_std'] = np.abs(x).std()\n    \n    X_tr.loc[segment, 'mad'] = x.mad()\n    X_tr.loc[segment, 'kurt'] = x.kurtosis()\n    X_tr.loc[segment, 'skew'] = x.skew()\n    X_tr.loc[segment, 'med'] = x.median()\n    \n    X_tr.loc[segment, 'Hilbert_mean'] = np.abs(hilbert(x)).mean()\n    X_tr.loc[segment, 'Hann_window_mean'] = (convolve(x, hann(150), mode='same') / sum(hann(150))).mean()\n    X_tr.loc[segment, 'classic_sta_lta1_mean'] = classic_sta_lta(x, 500, 10000).mean()\n    X_tr.loc[segment, 'classic_sta_lta2_mean'] = classic_sta_lta(x, 5000, 100000).mean()\n    X_tr.loc[segment, 'classic_sta_lta3_mean'] = classic_sta_lta(x, 3333, 6666).mean()\n    X_tr.loc[segment, 'classic_sta_lta4_mean'] = classic_sta_lta(x, 10000, 25000).mean()\n    X_tr.loc[segment, 'classic_sta_lta5_mean'] = classic_sta_lta(x, 50, 1000).mean()\n    X_tr.loc[segment, 'classic_sta_lta6_mean'] = classic_sta_lta(x, 100, 5000).mean()\n    X_tr.loc[segment, 'classic_sta_lta7_mean'] = classic_sta_lta(x, 333, 666).mean()\n    X_tr.loc[segment, 'classic_sta_lta8_mean'] = classic_sta_lta(x, 4000, 10000).mean()\n    X_tr.loc[segment, 'Moving_average_700_mean'] = x.rolling(window=700).mean().mean(skipna=True)\n    ewma = pd.Series.ewm\n    X_tr.loc[segment, 'exp_Moving_average_300_mean'] = (ewma(x, span=300).mean()).mean(skipna=True)\n    X_tr.loc[segment, 'exp_Moving_average_3000_mean'] = ewma(x, span=3000).mean().mean(skipna=True)\n    X_tr.loc[segment, 'exp_Moving_average_30000_mean'] = ewma(x, span=30000).mean().mean(skipna=True)\n    no_of_std = 3\n    X_tr.loc[segment, 'MA_700MA_std_mean'] = x.rolling(window=700).std().mean()\n    X_tr.loc[segment,'MA_700MA_BB_high_mean'] = (X_tr.loc[segment, 'Moving_average_700_mean'] + no_of_std * X_tr.loc[segment, 'MA_700MA_std_mean']).mean()\n    X_tr.loc[segment,'MA_700MA_BB_low_mean'] = (X_tr.loc[segment, 'Moving_average_700_mean'] - no_of_std * X_tr.loc[segment, 'MA_700MA_std_mean']).mean()\n    X_tr.loc[segment, 'MA_400MA_std_mean'] = x.rolling(window=400).std().mean()\n    X_tr.loc[segment,'MA_400MA_BB_high_mean'] = (X_tr.loc[segment, 'Moving_average_700_mean'] + no_of_std * X_tr.loc[segment, 'MA_400MA_std_mean']).mean()\n    X_tr.loc[segment,'MA_400MA_BB_low_mean'] = (X_tr.loc[segment, 'Moving_average_700_mean'] - no_of_std * X_tr.loc[segment, 'MA_400MA_std_mean']).mean()\n    X_tr.loc[segment, 'MA_1000MA_std_mean'] = x.rolling(window=1000).std().mean()\n    X_tr.drop('Moving_average_700_mean', axis=1, inplace=True)\n    \n    X_tr.loc[segment, 'iqr'] = np.subtract(*np.percentile(x, [75, 25]))\n    X_tr.loc[segment, 'q999'] = np.quantile(x,0.999)\n    X_tr.loc[segment, 'q001'] = np.quantile(x,0.001)\n    X_tr.loc[segment, 'ave10'] = stats.trim_mean(x, 0.1)\n\n    for windows in [10, 100, 1000]:\n        x_roll_std = x.rolling(windows).std().dropna().values\n        x_roll_mean = x.rolling(windows).mean().dropna().values\n        \n        X_tr.loc[segment, 'ave_roll_std_' + str(windows)] = x_roll_std.mean()\n        X_tr.loc[segment, 'std_roll_std_' + str(windows)] = x_roll_std.std()\n        X_tr.loc[segment, 'max_roll_std_' + str(windows)] = x_roll_std.max()\n        X_tr.loc[segment, 'min_roll_std_' + str(windows)] = x_roll_std.min()\n        X_tr.loc[segment, 'q01_roll_std_' + str(windows)] = np.quantile(x_roll_std, 0.01)\n        X_tr.loc[segment, 'q05_roll_std_' + str(windows)] = np.quantile(x_roll_std, 0.05)\n        X_tr.loc[segment, 'q95_roll_std_' + str(windows)] = np.quantile(x_roll_std, 0.95)\n        X_tr.loc[segment, 'q99_roll_std_' + str(windows)] = np.quantile(x_roll_std, 0.99)\n        X_tr.loc[segment, 'av_change_abs_roll_std_' + str(windows)] = np.mean(np.diff(x_roll_std))\n        X_tr.loc[segment, 'av_change_rate_roll_std_' + str(windows)] = np.mean(np.nonzero((np.diff(x_roll_std) / x_roll_std[:-1]))[0])\n        X_tr.loc[segment, 'abs_max_roll_std_' + str(windows)] = np.abs(x_roll_std).max()\n        \n        X_tr.loc[segment, 'ave_roll_mean_' + str(windows)] = x_roll_mean.mean()\n        X_tr.loc[segment, 'std_roll_mean_' + str(windows)] = x_roll_mean.std()\n        X_tr.loc[segment, 'max_roll_mean_' + str(windows)] = x_roll_mean.max()\n        X_tr.loc[segment, 'min_roll_mean_' + str(windows)] = x_roll_mean.min()\n        X_tr.loc[segment, 'q01_roll_mean_' + str(windows)] = np.quantile(x_roll_mean, 0.01)\n        X_tr.loc[segment, 'q05_roll_mean_' + str(windows)] = np.quantile(x_roll_mean, 0.05)\n        X_tr.loc[segment, 'q95_roll_mean_' + str(windows)] = np.quantile(x_roll_mean, 0.95)\n        X_tr.loc[segment, 'q99_roll_mean_' + str(windows)] = np.quantile(x_roll_mean, 0.99)\n        X_tr.loc[segment, 'av_change_abs_roll_mean_' + str(windows)] = np.mean(np.diff(x_roll_mean))\n        X_tr.loc[segment, 'av_change_rate_roll_mean_' + str(windows)] = np.mean(np.nonzero((np.diff(x_roll_mean) / x_roll_mean[:-1]))[0])\n        X_tr.loc[segment, 'abs_max_roll_mean_' + str(windows)] = np.abs(x_roll_mean).max()","metadata":{"execution":{"iopub.status.busy":"2023-03-13T05:18:24.468358Z","iopub.execute_input":"2023-03-13T05:18:24.469287Z","iopub.status.idle":"2023-03-13T05:37:07.159307Z","shell.execute_reply.started":"2023-03-13T05:18:24.469240Z","shell.execute_reply":"2023-03-13T05:37:07.157787Z"},"trusted":true},"execution_count":null,"outputs":[]},{"cell_type":"code","source":"X_tr.shape","metadata":{"execution":{"iopub.status.busy":"2023-03-13T05:37:07.162185Z","iopub.execute_input":"2023-03-13T05:37:07.162577Z","iopub.status.idle":"2023-03-13T05:37:07.171352Z","shell.execute_reply.started":"2023-03-13T05:37:07.162540Z","shell.execute_reply":"2023-03-13T05:37:07.170169Z"},"trusted":true},"execution_count":null,"outputs":[]},{"cell_type":"code","source":"X_tr.head()","metadata":{"execution":{"iopub.status.busy":"2023-03-13T05:37:07.172906Z","iopub.execute_input":"2023-03-13T05:37:07.173304Z","iopub.status.idle":"2023-03-13T05:37:07.209864Z","shell.execute_reply.started":"2023-03-13T05:37:07.173264Z","shell.execute_reply":"2023-03-13T05:37:07.208679Z"},"trusted":true},"execution_count":null,"outputs":[]},{"cell_type":"code","source":"X_tr.info(10)","metadata":{"execution":{"iopub.status.busy":"2023-03-13T05:37:07.212939Z","iopub.execute_input":"2023-03-13T05:37:07.213366Z","iopub.status.idle":"2023-03-13T05:37:07.249683Z","shell.execute_reply.started":"2023-03-13T05:37:07.213305Z","shell.execute_reply":"2023-03-13T05:37:07.248109Z"},"trusted":true},"execution_count":null,"outputs":[]},{"cell_type":"code","source":"np.abs(X_tr.corrwith(y_tr['time_to_failure'])).sort_values(ascending=False).head(20)","metadata":{"execution":{"iopub.status.busy":"2023-03-13T06:00:31.589233Z","iopub.execute_input":"2023-03-13T06:00:31.589680Z","iopub.status.idle":"2023-03-13T06:00:31.657098Z","shell.execute_reply.started":"2023-03-13T06:00:31.589642Z","shell.execute_reply":"2023-03-13T06:00:31.656011Z"},"trusted":true},"execution_count":null,"outputs":[]},{"cell_type":"markdown","source":"plt.figure(figsize=(44, 24))\ncols = list(np.abs(X_tr.corrwith(y_tr['time_to_failure'])).sort_values(ascending=False).head(24).index)\nfor i, col in enumerate(cols):\n    plt.subplot(6, 4, i + 1)\n    plt.plot(X_tr[col], color='blue')\n    plt.title(col)\n    ax1.set_ylabel(col, color='b')\n\n    ax2 = ax1.twinx()\n    plt.plot(y_tr, color='g')\n    ax2.set_ylabel('time_to_failure', color='g')\n    plt.legend([col, 'time_to_failure'], loc=(0.875, 0.9))\n    plt.grid(False)","metadata":{"execution":{"iopub.status.busy":"2023-03-13T06:00:34.305479Z","iopub.execute_input":"2023-03-13T06:00:34.306213Z","iopub.status.idle":"2023-03-13T06:00:34.748221Z","shell.execute_reply.started":"2023-03-13T06:00:34.306162Z","shell.execute_reply":"2023-03-13T06:00:34.746951Z"}}},{"cell_type":"code","source":"plt.figure(figsize=(20,5))\nX_tr['abs_mean'].plot()\nplt.title('Absolute mean')\n\n","metadata":{"execution":{"iopub.status.busy":"2023-03-13T06:00:45.399383Z","iopub.execute_input":"2023-03-13T06:00:45.399841Z","iopub.status.idle":"2023-03-13T06:00:45.754380Z","shell.execute_reply.started":"2023-03-13T06:00:45.399801Z","shell.execute_reply":"2023-03-13T06:00:45.752880Z"},"trusted":true},"execution_count":null,"outputs":[]},{"cell_type":"code","source":"means_dict = {}\nfor col in X_tr.columns:\n    if X_tr[col].isnull().any():\n        print(col)\n        mean_value = X_tr.loc[X_tr[col] != -np.inf, col].mean()\n        X_tr.loc[X_tr[col] == -np.inf, col] = mean_value\n        X_tr[col] = X_tr[col].fillna(mean_value)\n        means_dict[col] = mean_value","metadata":{"execution":{"iopub.status.busy":"2023-03-13T06:00:48.111903Z","iopub.execute_input":"2023-03-13T06:00:48.112329Z","iopub.status.idle":"2023-03-13T06:00:48.155441Z","shell.execute_reply.started":"2023-03-13T06:00:48.112292Z","shell.execute_reply":"2023-03-13T06:00:48.153888Z"},"trusted":true},"execution_count":null,"outputs":[]},{"cell_type":"code","source":"scaler = StandardScaler()\nscaler.fit(X_tr)\nX_train_scaled = pd.DataFrame(scaler.transform(X_tr), columns=X_tr.columns)","metadata":{"execution":{"iopub.status.busy":"2023-03-13T06:00:56.261728Z","iopub.execute_input":"2023-03-13T06:00:56.262228Z","iopub.status.idle":"2023-03-13T06:00:56.282927Z","shell.execute_reply.started":"2023-03-13T06:00:56.262186Z","shell.execute_reply":"2023-03-13T06:00:56.281234Z"},"trusted":true},"execution_count":null,"outputs":[]},{"cell_type":"code","source":"print(os.listdir(\"../input/LANL-Earthquake-Prediction/\"))\n","metadata":{"execution":{"iopub.status.busy":"2023-03-13T06:00:58.617214Z","iopub.execute_input":"2023-03-13T06:00:58.618569Z","iopub.status.idle":"2023-03-13T06:00:58.624767Z","shell.execute_reply.started":"2023-03-13T06:00:58.618519Z","shell.execute_reply":"2023-03-13T06:00:58.623351Z"},"trusted":true},"execution_count":null,"outputs":[]},{"cell_type":"code","source":"submission = pd.read_csv('../input/LANL-Earthquake-Prediction/sample_submission.csv', index_col='seg_id')\nX_test = pd.DataFrame(columns=X_tr.columns, dtype=np.float64, index=submission.index)\nplt.figure(figsize=(22, 16))\n\nfor i, seg_id in enumerate(tqdm_notebook(X_test.index)):\n    seg = pd.read_csv('../input/LANL-Earthquake-Prediction/test/' + seg_id + '.csv')\n    \n    x = pd.Series(seg['acoustic_data'].values)\n    X_test.loc[seg_id, 'mean'] = x.mean()\n    X_test.loc[seg_id, 'std'] = x.std()\n    X_test.loc[seg_id, 'max'] = x.max()\n    X_test.loc[seg_id, 'min'] = x.min()\n        \n    X_test.loc[seg_id, 'mean_change_abs'] = np.mean(np.diff(x))\n    X_test.loc[seg_id, 'mean_change_rate'] = calc_change_rate(x)\n    X_test.loc[seg_id, 'abs_max'] = np.abs(x).max()\n    X_test.loc[seg_id, 'abs_min'] = np.abs(x).min()\n    \n    X_test.loc[seg_id, 'std_first_50000'] = x[:50000].std()\n    X_test.loc[seg_id, 'std_last_50000'] = x[-50000:].std()\n    X_test.loc[seg_id, 'std_first_10000'] = x[:10000].std()\n    X_test.loc[seg_id, 'std_last_10000'] = x[-10000:].std()\n    \n    X_test.loc[seg_id, 'avg_first_50000'] = x[:50000].mean()\n    X_test.loc[seg_id, 'avg_last_50000'] = x[-50000:].mean()\n    X_test.loc[seg_id, 'avg_first_10000'] = x[:10000].mean()\n    X_test.loc[seg_id, 'avg_last_10000'] = x[-10000:].mean()\n    \n    X_test.loc[seg_id, 'min_first_50000'] = x[:50000].min()\n    X_test.loc[seg_id, 'min_last_50000'] = x[-50000:].min()\n    X_test.loc[seg_id, 'min_first_10000'] = x[:10000].min()\n    X_test.loc[seg_id, 'min_last_10000'] = x[-10000:].min()\n    \n    X_test.loc[seg_id, 'max_first_50000'] = x[:50000].max()\n    X_test.loc[seg_id, 'max_last_50000'] = x[-50000:].max()\n    X_test.loc[seg_id, 'max_first_10000'] = x[:10000].max()\n    X_test.loc[seg_id, 'max_last_10000'] = x[-10000:].max()\n    \n    X_test.loc[seg_id, 'max_to_min'] = x.max() / np.abs(x.min())\n    X_test.loc[seg_id, 'max_to_min_diff'] = x.max() - np.abs(x.min())\n    X_test.loc[seg_id, 'count_big'] = len(x[np.abs(x) > 500])\n    X_test.loc[seg_id, 'sum'] = x.sum()\n    \n    X_test.loc[seg_id, 'mean_change_rate_first_50000'] = calc_change_rate(x[:50000])\n    X_test.loc[seg_id, 'mean_change_rate_last_50000'] = calc_change_rate(x[-50000:])\n    X_test.loc[seg_id, 'mean_change_rate_first_10000'] = calc_change_rate(x[:10000])\n    X_test.loc[seg_id, 'mean_change_rate_last_10000'] = calc_change_rate(x[-10000:])\n    \n    X_test.loc[seg_id, 'q95'] = np.quantile(x,0.95)\n    X_test.loc[seg_id, 'q99'] = np.quantile(x,0.99)\n    X_test.loc[seg_id, 'q05'] = np.quantile(x,0.05)\n    X_test.loc[seg_id, 'q01'] = np.quantile(x,0.01)\n    \n    X_test.loc[seg_id, 'abs_q95'] = np.quantile(np.abs(x), 0.95)\n    X_test.loc[seg_id, 'abs_q99'] = np.quantile(np.abs(x), 0.99)\n    X_test.loc[seg_id, 'abs_q05'] = np.quantile(np.abs(x), 0.05)\n    X_test.loc[seg_id, 'abs_q01'] = np.quantile(np.abs(x), 0.01)\n    \n    X_test.loc[seg_id, 'trend'] = add_trend_feature(x)\n    X_test.loc[seg_id, 'abs_trend'] = add_trend_feature(x, abs_values=True)\n    X_test.loc[seg_id, 'abs_mean'] = np.abs(x).mean()\n    X_test.loc[seg_id, 'abs_std'] = np.abs(x).std()\n    \n    X_test.loc[seg_id, 'mad'] = x.mad()\n    X_test.loc[seg_id, 'kurt'] = x.kurtosis()\n    X_test.loc[seg_id, 'skew'] = x.skew()\n    X_test.loc[seg_id, 'med'] = x.median()\n    \n    X_test.loc[seg_id, 'Hilbert_mean'] = np.abs(hilbert(x)).mean()\n    X_test.loc[seg_id, 'Hann_window_mean'] = (convolve(x, hann(150), mode='same') / sum(hann(150))).mean()\n    X_test.loc[seg_id, 'classic_sta_lta1_mean'] = classic_sta_lta(x, 500, 10000).mean()\n    X_test.loc[seg_id, 'classic_sta_lta2_mean'] = classic_sta_lta(x, 5000, 100000).mean()\n    X_test.loc[seg_id, 'classic_sta_lta3_mean'] = classic_sta_lta(x, 3333, 6666).mean()\n    X_test.loc[seg_id, 'classic_sta_lta4_mean'] = classic_sta_lta(x, 10000, 25000).mean()\n    X_test.loc[seg_id, 'classic_sta_lta5_mean'] = classic_sta_lta(x, 50, 1000).mean()\n    X_test.loc[seg_id, 'classic_sta_lta6_mean'] = classic_sta_lta(x, 100, 5000).mean()\n    X_test.loc[seg_id, 'classic_sta_lta7_mean'] = classic_sta_lta(x, 333, 666).mean()\n    X_test.loc[seg_id, 'classic_sta_lta8_mean'] = classic_sta_lta(x, 4000, 10000).mean()\n    X_test.loc[seg_id, 'Moving_average_700_mean'] = x.rolling(window=700).mean().mean(skipna=True)\n    ewma = pd.Series.ewm\n    X_test.loc[seg_id, 'exp_Moving_average_300_mean'] = (ewma(x, span=300).mean()).mean(skipna=True)\n    X_test.loc[seg_id, 'exp_Moving_average_3000_mean'] = ewma(x, span=3000).mean().mean(skipna=True)\n    X_test.loc[seg_id, 'exp_Moving_average_30000_mean'] = ewma(x, span=30000).mean().mean(skipna=True)\n    no_of_std = 3\n    X_test.loc[seg_id, 'MA_700MA_std_mean'] = x.rolling(window=700).std().mean()\n    X_test.loc[seg_id,'MA_700MA_BB_high_mean'] = (X_test.loc[seg_id, 'Moving_average_700_mean'] + no_of_std * X_test.loc[seg_id, 'MA_700MA_std_mean']).mean()\n    X_test.loc[seg_id,'MA_700MA_BB_low_mean'] = (X_test.loc[seg_id, 'Moving_average_700_mean'] - no_of_std * X_test.loc[seg_id, 'MA_700MA_std_mean']).mean()\n    X_test.loc[seg_id, 'MA_400MA_std_mean'] = x.rolling(window=400).std().mean()\n    X_test.loc[seg_id,'MA_400MA_BB_high_mean'] = (X_test.loc[seg_id, 'Moving_average_700_mean'] + no_of_std * X_test.loc[seg_id, 'MA_400MA_std_mean']).mean()\n    X_test.loc[seg_id,'MA_400MA_BB_low_mean'] = (X_test.loc[seg_id, 'Moving_average_700_mean'] - no_of_std * X_test.loc[seg_id, 'MA_400MA_std_mean']).mean()\n    X_test.loc[seg_id, 'MA_1000MA_std_mean'] = x.rolling(window=1000).std().mean()\n    X_test.drop('Moving_average_700_mean', axis=1, inplace=True)\n    \n    X_test.loc[seg_id, 'iqr'] = np.subtract(*np.percentile(x, [75, 25]))\n    X_test.loc[seg_id, 'q999'] = np.quantile(x,0.999)\n    X_test.loc[seg_id, 'q001'] = np.quantile(x,0.001)\n    X_test.loc[seg_id, 'ave10'] = stats.trim_mean(x, 0.1)\n    \n    for windows in [10, 100, 1000]:\n        x_roll_std = x.rolling(windows).std().dropna().values\n        x_roll_mean = x.rolling(windows).mean().dropna().values\n        \n        X_test.loc[seg_id, 'ave_roll_std_' + str(windows)] = x_roll_std.mean()\n        X_test.loc[seg_id, 'std_roll_std_' + str(windows)] = x_roll_std.std()\n        X_test.loc[seg_id, 'max_roll_std_' + str(windows)] = x_roll_std.max()\n        X_test.loc[seg_id, 'min_roll_std_' + str(windows)] = x_roll_std.min()\n        X_test.loc[seg_id, 'q01_roll_std_' + str(windows)] = np.quantile(x_roll_std, 0.01)\n        X_test.loc[seg_id, 'q05_roll_std_' + str(windows)] = np.quantile(x_roll_std, 0.05)\n        X_test.loc[seg_id, 'q95_roll_std_' + str(windows)] = np.quantile(x_roll_std, 0.95)\n        X_test.loc[seg_id, 'q99_roll_std_' + str(windows)] = np.quantile(x_roll_std, 0.99)\n        X_test.loc[seg_id, 'av_change_abs_roll_std_' + str(windows)] = np.mean(np.diff(x_roll_std))\n        X_test.loc[seg_id, 'av_change_rate_roll_std_' + str(windows)] = np.mean(np.nonzero((np.diff(x_roll_std) / x_roll_std[:-1]))[0])\n        X_test.loc[seg_id, 'abs_max_roll_std_' + str(windows)] = np.abs(x_roll_std).max()\n        \n        X_test.loc[seg_id, 'ave_roll_mean_' + str(windows)] = x_roll_mean.mean()\n        X_test.loc[seg_id, 'std_roll_mean_' + str(windows)] = x_roll_mean.std()\n        X_test.loc[seg_id, 'max_roll_mean_' + str(windows)] = x_roll_mean.max()\n        X_test.loc[seg_id, 'min_roll_mean_' + str(windows)] = x_roll_mean.min()\n        X_test.loc[seg_id, 'q01_roll_mean_' + str(windows)] = np.quantile(x_roll_mean, 0.01)\n        X_test.loc[seg_id, 'q05_roll_mean_' + str(windows)] = np.quantile(x_roll_mean, 0.05)\n        X_test.loc[seg_id, 'q95_roll_mean_' + str(windows)] = np.quantile(x_roll_mean, 0.95)\n        X_test.loc[seg_id, 'q99_roll_mean_' + str(windows)] = np.quantile(x_roll_mean, 0.99)\n        X_test.loc[seg_id, 'av_change_abs_roll_mean_' + str(windows)] = np.mean(np.diff(x_roll_mean))\n        X_test.loc[seg_id, 'av_change_rate_roll_mean_' + str(windows)] = np.mean(np.nonzero((np.diff(x_roll_mean) / x_roll_mean[:-1]))[0])\n        X_test.loc[seg_id, 'abs_max_roll_mean_' + str(windows)] = np.abs(x_roll_mean).max()\n    \n    if i < 12:\n        plt.subplot(6, 4, i + 1)\n        plt.plot(seg['acoustic_data'])\n        plt.title(seg_id)\n\nfor col in X_test.columns:\n    if X_test[col].isnull().any():\n        X_test.loc[X_test[col] == -np.inf, col] = means_dict[col]\n        X_test[col] = X_test[col].fillna(means_dict[col])\n        \nX_test_scaled = pd.DataFrame(scaler.transform(X_test), columns=X_test.columns)","metadata":{"execution":{"iopub.status.busy":"2023-03-13T06:01:00.720587Z","iopub.execute_input":"2023-03-13T06:01:00.721067Z","iopub.status.idle":"2023-03-13T06:15:38.434030Z","shell.execute_reply.started":"2023-03-13T06:01:00.721027Z","shell.execute_reply":"2023-03-13T06:15:38.432605Z"},"trusted":true},"execution_count":null,"outputs":[]},{"cell_type":"code","source":"X_train_scaled.shape","metadata":{"execution":{"iopub.status.busy":"2023-03-13T06:17:47.636997Z","iopub.execute_input":"2023-03-13T06:17:47.637666Z","iopub.status.idle":"2023-03-13T06:17:47.647929Z","shell.execute_reply.started":"2023-03-13T06:17:47.637597Z","shell.execute_reply":"2023-03-13T06:17:47.646422Z"},"trusted":true},"execution_count":null,"outputs":[]},{"cell_type":"code","source":"y_tr.shape","metadata":{"execution":{"iopub.status.busy":"2023-03-13T06:17:49.590003Z","iopub.execute_input":"2023-03-13T06:17:49.590431Z","iopub.status.idle":"2023-03-13T06:17:49.598871Z","shell.execute_reply.started":"2023-03-13T06:17:49.590394Z","shell.execute_reply":"2023-03-13T06:17:49.597408Z"},"trusted":true},"execution_count":null,"outputs":[]},{"cell_type":"markdown","source":"## Below Experiment \n\n \n\n### Feature Selection with RFE top 50 feature selection\n\n- Catboost\n- ligthGBM\n- GRU\n\n\n### Feature Selection with BorutaShap\n\n- Catboost\n- lightgbm\n- GRU\n\n\n### K-fold cross validation \n### HO","metadata":{}},{"cell_type":"code","source":"from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split\nfrom sklearn.ensemble import RandomForestRegressor, GradientBoostingRegressor\nfrom sklearn.metrics import mean_absolute_error\nfrom catboost import CatBoostRegressor\nimport lightgbm as lgb\nfrom lightgbm import LGBMRegressor\nimport xgboost as xgb\nimport lightgbm as lgb\nfrom sklearn.model_selection import KFold\nfrom sklearn.metrics import mean_squared_error\nfrom sklearn.metrics import mean_absolute_error\n\nfrom tqdm import tqdm\nwarnings.filterwarnings(\"ignore\")","metadata":{"execution":{"iopub.status.busy":"2023-03-13T06:17:52.216322Z","iopub.execute_input":"2023-03-13T06:17:52.216778Z","iopub.status.idle":"2023-03-13T06:17:52.614871Z","shell.execute_reply.started":"2023-03-13T06:17:52.216738Z","shell.execute_reply":"2023-03-13T06:17:52.613427Z"},"trusted":true},"execution_count":null,"outputs":[]},{"cell_type":"markdown","source":"","metadata":{}},{"cell_type":"code","source":"X_train_cb_base,X_test_cb_base,y_train_cb_base,y_test_cb_base = train_test_split(X_train_scaled,y_tr,train_size=0.8,random_state= 42)","metadata":{"execution":{"iopub.status.busy":"2023-03-13T06:39:14.146834Z","iopub.execute_input":"2023-03-13T06:39:14.147339Z","iopub.status.idle":"2023-03-13T06:39:14.159040Z","shell.execute_reply.started":"2023-03-13T06:39:14.147290Z","shell.execute_reply":"2023-03-13T06:39:14.157887Z"},"trusted":true},"execution_count":null,"outputs":[]},{"cell_type":"code","source":"X_train_cb_base.shape,X_test_cb_base.shape,y_train_cb_base.shape,y_test_cb_base.shape","metadata":{"execution":{"iopub.status.busy":"2023-03-13T06:39:28.152067Z","iopub.execute_input":"2023-03-13T06:39:28.153014Z","iopub.status.idle":"2023-03-13T06:39:28.160178Z","shell.execute_reply.started":"2023-03-13T06:39:28.152961Z","shell.execute_reply":"2023-03-13T06:39:28.159176Z"},"trusted":true},"execution_count":null,"outputs":[]},{"cell_type":"code","source":"type(X_train_cb_base),type(X_test_cb_base),type(y_train_cb_base),type(y_test_cb_base)","metadata":{"execution":{"iopub.status.busy":"2023-03-13T06:39:43.663204Z","iopub.execute_input":"2023-03-13T06:39:43.664055Z","iopub.status.idle":"2023-03-13T06:39:43.672353Z","shell.execute_reply.started":"2023-03-13T06:39:43.663989Z","shell.execute_reply":"2023-03-13T06:39:43.670979Z"},"trusted":true},"execution_count":null,"outputs":[]},{"cell_type":"markdown","source":"## CatBoost Implementation","metadata":{}},{"cell_type":"code","source":"#build model\ncat_model_basic = CatBoostRegressor(loss_function='MAE',random_state=42)\n# Fit model \ncat_model_basic.fit( X_train_cb_base, y_train_cb_base,\n               eval_set=(X_test_cb_base, y_test_cb_base),\n               plot=True,\n              )","metadata":{"execution":{"iopub.status.busy":"2023-03-13T06:41:33.557006Z","iopub.execute_input":"2023-03-13T06:41:33.558034Z","iopub.status.idle":"2023-03-13T06:41:50.911184Z","shell.execute_reply.started":"2023-03-13T06:41:33.557988Z","shell.execute_reply":"2023-03-13T06:41:50.909651Z"},"trusted":true},"execution_count":null,"outputs":[]},{"cell_type":"code","source":"#type(X_train_cb_base),type(X_test_cb_base),type(y_train_cb_base),type(y_test_cb_base) cat_model_basic\nfrom sklearn.metrics import mean_absolute_percentage_error\nfrom sklearn.metrics import mean_absolute_error\n\ny_pred_cb_base =cat_model_basic.predict(X_test_cb_base)\nmae_cb_base = mean_absolute_error(y_test_cb_base,y_pred_cb_base)\nmape_cb_base=mean_absolute_percentage_error(y_test_cb_base,y_pred_cb_base)\nprint('MAE is %.5f' % mae_cb_base)\nprint('MAPE is %.5f' % mape_cb_base)\n","metadata":{"execution":{"iopub.status.busy":"2023-03-13T06:48:09.205739Z","iopub.execute_input":"2023-03-13T06:48:09.206226Z","iopub.status.idle":"2023-03-13T06:48:09.224436Z","shell.execute_reply.started":"2023-03-13T06:48:09.206179Z","shell.execute_reply":"2023-03-13T06:48:09.223083Z"},"trusted":true},"execution_count":null,"outputs":[]},{"cell_type":"code","source":"df_feature_importance = pd.DataFrame(cat_model_basic.get_feature_importance(prettified=True))","metadata":{"execution":{"iopub.status.busy":"2023-03-13T06:53:37.715237Z","iopub.execute_input":"2023-03-13T06:53:37.715685Z","iopub.status.idle":"2023-03-13T06:53:37.726231Z","shell.execute_reply.started":"2023-03-13T06:53:37.715650Z","shell.execute_reply":"2023-03-13T06:53:37.724617Z"},"trusted":true},"execution_count":null,"outputs":[]},{"cell_type":"code","source":"\n#plotting feature importance\nplt.figure(figsize=(12, 22));\nfeature_plot= sns.barplot(x=\"Importances\", y=\"Feature Id\", data=df_feature_importance,palette=\"cool\");\nplt.title('features importance');\n","metadata":{"execution":{"iopub.status.busy":"2023-03-13T06:55:05.206160Z","iopub.execute_input":"2023-03-13T06:55:05.206616Z","iopub.status.idle":"2023-03-13T06:55:08.820622Z","shell.execute_reply.started":"2023-03-13T06:55:05.206578Z","shell.execute_reply":"2023-03-13T06:55:08.818947Z"},"trusted":true},"execution_count":null,"outputs":[]},{"cell_type":"code","source":"#type(X_train_cb_base),type(X_test_cb_base),type(y_train_cb_base),type(y_test_cb_base) cat_model_basic\n\nsubmission['time_to_failure'] = cat_model_basic.predict(X_test_scaled)\n","metadata":{"execution":{"iopub.status.busy":"2023-03-13T07:45:51.790215Z","iopub.execute_input":"2023-03-13T07:45:51.790627Z","iopub.status.idle":"2023-03-13T07:45:51.817714Z","shell.execute_reply.started":"2023-03-13T07:45:51.790592Z","shell.execute_reply":"2023-03-13T07:45:51.816529Z"},"trusted":true},"execution_count":null,"outputs":[]},{"cell_type":"code","source":"submission.head()","metadata":{"execution":{"iopub.status.busy":"2023-03-13T07:46:08.872756Z","iopub.execute_input":"2023-03-13T07:46:08.873169Z","iopub.status.idle":"2023-03-13T07:46:08.886077Z","shell.execute_reply.started":"2023-03-13T07:46:08.873135Z","shell.execute_reply":"2023-03-13T07:46:08.884515Z"},"trusted":true},"execution_count":null,"outputs":[]},{"cell_type":"code","source":"submission.to_csv('submission.csv')","metadata":{"execution":{"iopub.status.busy":"2023-03-13T07:46:28.752498Z","iopub.execute_input":"2023-03-13T07:46:28.753944Z","iopub.status.idle":"2023-03-13T07:46:28.771683Z","shell.execute_reply.started":"2023-03-13T07:46:28.753890Z","shell.execute_reply":"2023-03-13T07:46:28.770177Z"},"trusted":true},"execution_count":null,"outputs":[]},{"cell_type":"code","source":"submission.head()","metadata":{"execution":{"iopub.status.busy":"2023-03-13T07:54:14.814484Z","iopub.execute_input":"2023-03-13T07:54:14.815530Z","iopub.status.idle":"2023-03-13T07:54:14.827412Z","shell.execute_reply.started":"2023-03-13T07:54:14.815482Z","shell.execute_reply":"2023-03-13T07:54:14.825750Z"},"trusted":true},"execution_count":null,"outputs":[]},{"cell_type":"code","source":"","metadata":{},"execution_count":null,"outputs":[]}]}